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What is a benefit of Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE)?
A. It provides protection for wireless clients against both honeypot APs and man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks.
B. It offers more control over who can connect to the wireless network when compared with WPA2-Personal.
C. It allows anyone to connect, but provides better protection against eavesdropping than a traditional open network.
D. It allows both WPA2-capable and WPA3-capable clients to authenticate to the same WPA-Personal WLAN.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) is a WPA3 feature designed for open wireless networks, where no password or authentication is required to connect. OWE enhances security by providing encryption for devices that support it, without requiring a pre-shared key (PSK) or 802.1X authentication.
Option C, "It allows anyone to connect, but provides better protection against eavesdropping than a traditional open network," is correct. In a traditional open network (no encryption), all traffic is sent in plaintext, making it vulnerable to eavesdropping. OWE allows anyone to connect (as it's an open network), but it negotiates unique encryption keys for each client using a Diffie-Hellman key exchange. This ensures that client traffic is encrypted with AES (e.g., using AES-GCMP), protecting it from eavesdropping. OWE in transition mode also supports non-OWE devices, which connect without encryption, but OWE-capable devices benefit from the added security.
Option A, "It allows both WPA2-capable and WPA3-capable clients to authenticate to the same WPA-Personal WLAN," is incorrect. OWE is for open networks, not WPA-Personal (which uses a PSK). WPA2/WPA3 transition mode (not OWE) allows both WPA2 and WPA3 clients to connect to the same WPA-Personal WLAN.
Option B, "It offers more control over who can connect to the wireless network when compared with WPA2-Personal," is incorrect. OWE is an open network protocol, meaning it offers less control over who can connect compared to WPA2-Personal, which requires a PSK for access.
Option D, "It provides protection for wireless clients against both honeypot APs and man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks," is incorrect. OWE provides encryption to prevent eavesdropping, but it does not protect against honeypot APs (rogue APs broadcasting the same SSID) or MITM attacks, as it lacks authentication mechanisms to verify the AP's identity. Protection against such attacks requires 802.1X authentication (e.g., WPA3-Enterprise) or other security measures.
The HPE Aruba Networking AOS-8 8.11 User Guide states:
"Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) is a WPA3 feature for open networks that allows anyone to connect without a password, but provides better protection against eavesdropping than a traditional open network. OWE uses a Diffie-Hellman key exchange to negotiate unique encryption keys for each client, ensuring that traffic is encrypted with AES-GCMP and protected from unauthorized interception." (Page 290, OWE Overview Section) Additionally, the HPE Aruba Networking Wireless Security Guide notes:
"OWE enhances security for open WLANs by providing encryption without requiring authentication. It allows any device to connect, but OWE-capable devices benefit from encrypted traffic, offering better protection against eavesdropping compared to a traditional open network where all traffic is sent in plaintext." (Page 35, OWE Benefits Section)
:
HPE Aruba Networking AOS-8 8.11 User Guide, OWE Overview Section, Page 290.
HPE Aruba Networking Wireless Security Guide, OWE Benefits Section, Page 35.
NEW QUESTION # 39
You have an Aruba Mobility Controller (MC). for which you are already using Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager (CPPM) to authenticate access to the Web Ul with usernames and passwords You now want to enable managers to use certificates to log in to the Web Ul CPPM will continue to act as the external server to check the names in managers' certificates and tell the MC the managers' correct rote in addition to enabling certificate authentication. what is a step that you should complete on the MC?
A. Verify that the MC has the correct certificates, and add RadSec to the RADIUS server configuration for CPPM
B. Create a local admin account mat uses certificates in the account, specify the correct trusted CA certificate and external authentication
C. Verify that the MC trusts CPPM's HTTPS certificate by uploading a trusted CA certificate Also, configure a CPPM username and password on the MC
D. install all of the managers' certificates on the MC as OCSP Responder certificates
Answer: C
Explanation:
To enable managers to use certificates to log into the Web UI of an Aruba Mobility Controller (MC), where Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager (CPPM) acts as the external server for authentication, it is essential to ensure that the MC trusts the HTTPS certificate used by CPPM. This involves uploading a trusted CA certificate to the MC that matches the one used by CPPM. Additionally, configuring a username and password for CPPM on the MC might be necessary to secure and facilitate communication between the MC and CPPM. This setup ensures that certificate-based authentication is securely validated, maintaining secure access control for the Web UI.
References:
Aruba Mobility Controller configuration guides that detail the process of setting up certificate-based authentication.
Best practices for secure authentication and certificate management in enterprise network environments.
NEW QUESTION # 40
Two wireless clients, client 1 and client 2, are connected to an ArubaOS Mobility Controller. Subnet 10.1.10.10/24 is a network of servers on the other side of the ArubaOS firewall. The exhibit shows all three firewall rules that apply to these clients.
Which traffic is permitted?
A. an HTTPS request from client 1 to 10.1.10.10 and an HTTPS request from 10.1.10.11 to client 1
B. an HTTPS request from 10.1.10.10 to client 1 and an HTTPS re-sponse from client 1 to 10.1.10.10
C. an HTTPS request from client 1 to client 2 and an HTTPS request from client 2 to client 1
D. an HTTPS request from client 1 to 10.1.10.10 and an HTTPS response from 10.1.10.10 to client 1
Answer: D
Explanation:
Based on the exhibit showing the firewall rules, the following traffic is permitted:
Client 1 is allowed to send HTTPS traffic to any destination within the subnet 10.1.10.0/24 because there is a permit rule for the user to access svc-https to that subnet.
Responses to initiated connections are typically allowed by stateful firewalls; hence, an HTTPS response from 10.1.10.10 to client 1 is expected to be permitted even though it is not explicitly mentioned in the firewall rules (assuming the stateful nature of the firewall).
NEW QUESTION # 41
What is one of the roles of the network access server (NAS) in the AAA framework?
A. It enforces access to network services and sends accounting information to the AAA server.
B. It negotiates with each user's device to determine which EAP method is used for authentication.
C. It authenticates legitimate users and uses policies to determine which resources each user is allowed to access.
D. It determines which resources authenticated users are allowed to access and monitors each user's session.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) framework is used in network security to manage user access. In this framework, the Network Access Server (NAS) plays a specific role. In an HPE Aruba Networking environment, the NAS is typically a device like a Mobility Controller (MC) or an AOS-CX switch that interacts with an AAA server (e.g., ClearPass Policy Manager, CPPM) to authenticate users.
NAS Role in AAA:
Authentication: The NAS acts as a client to the AAA server (e.g., via RADIUS), forwarding authentication requests from the user's device to the server. It does not perform the authentication itself; the AAA server authenticates the user.
Authorization: After authentication, the NAS receives authorization attributes from the AAA server (e.g., a user role via Aruba-User-Role VSA) and enforces access policies (e.g., firewall rules, VLAN assignment) based on those attributes.
Accounting: The NAS sends accounting information (e.g., session start/stop, data usage) to the AAA server to track user activity.
Option A, "It negotiates with each user's device to determine which EAP method is used for authentication," is incorrect. The NAS does not negotiate the EAP method with the user's device. The EAP method (e.g., EAP-TLS, PEAP) is determined by the configuration on the NAS and the AAA server, and the client must support the configured method. The negotiation of EAP methods occurs between the client (supplicant) and the AAA server, with the NAS acting as a pass-through.
Option B, "It determines which resources authenticated users are allowed to access and monitors each user's session," is incorrect. The NAS enforces access policies based on authorization attributes received from the AAA server, but it does not determine which resources users can access-that decision is made by the AAA server based on its policies. Monitoring sessions is part of accounting, but this option overstates the NAS's role in determining access.
Option C, "It enforces access to network services and sends accounting information to the AAA server," is correct. The NAS enforces access by applying policies (e.g., firewall rules, VLANs) based on the authorization attributes received from the AAA server. It also sends accounting information (e.g., session start/stop, data usage) to the AAA server to track user activity, fulfilling its role in the accounting part of AAA.
Option D, "It authenticates legitimate users and uses policies to determine which resources each user is allowed to access," is incorrect. The NAS does not authenticate users; the AAA server performs authentication. The NAS also does not determine resource access; it enforces the policies provided by the AAA server.
The HPE Aruba Networking AOS-8 8.11 User Guide states:
"In the AAA framework, the Network Access Server (NAS), such as a Mobility Controller, acts as a client to the AAA server (e.g., a RADIUS server). The NAS forwards authentication requests from the user's device to the AAA server, enforces access to network services based on the authorization attributes returned by the server (e.g., user role, VLAN), and sends accounting information, such as session start and stop records, to the AAA server for tracking." (Page 310, AAA Framework Section) Additionally, the HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass Policy Manager 6.11 User Guide notes:
"The NAS in the AAA framework, such as an Aruba Mobility Controller, does not authenticate users itself; it forwards authentication requests to the AAA server (ClearPass). After authentication, the NAS enforces access policies based on the server's response and sends accounting data to the AAA server to log user activity, such as session duration and data usage." (Page 280, NAS Role in AAA Section)
:
HPE Aruba Networking AOS-8 8.11 User Guide, AAA Framework Section, Page 310.
HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass Policy Manager 6.11 User Guide, NAS Role in AAA Section, Page 280.
NEW QUESTION # 42
Which is a correct description of a stage in the Lockheed Martin kill chain?
A. In the reconnaissance stage, the hacker assesses the impact of the attack and how much information was exfilltrated.
B. In the weaponization stage, which occurs after malware has been delivered to a system, the malware executes Its function.
C. In the exploitation and installation phases, malware creates a backdoor into the infected system for the hacker.
D. In the delivery stage, malware collects valuable data and delivers or exfilltrated it to the hacker.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain model describes the stages of a cyber attack. In the exploitation phase, the attacker uses vulnerabilities to gain access to the system. Following this, in the installation phase, the attacker installs a backdoor or other malicious software to ensure persistent access to the compromised system. This backdoor can then be used to control the system, steal data, or execute additional attacks.
References:
Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain framework.
NEW QUESTION # 43
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