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Title: 100% Pass CCOA - Customized ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Lab
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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q46-Q51):NEW QUESTION # 46
An attacker has exploited an e-commerce website by injecting arbitrary syntax that was passed to and executed by the underlying operating system. Which of the following tactics did the attacker MOST likely use?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The attack described involvesinjecting arbitrary syntaxthat isexecuted by the underlying operating system
, characteristic of aCommand Injectionattack.
* Nature of Command Injection:
* Direct OS Interaction:Attackers input commands that are executed by the server's OS.
* Vulnerability Vector:Often occurs when user input is passed to system calls without proper validation or sanitization.
* Examples:Using characters like ;, &&, or | to append commands.
* Common Scenario:Exploiting poorly validated web application inputs that interact with system commands (e.g., ping, dir).
Other options analysis:
* B. Injection:Targets databases, not the underlying OS.
* C. LDAP Injection:Targets LDAP directories, not the OS.
* D. Insecure direct object reference:Involves unauthorized access to objects through predictable URLs, not OS command execution.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 8: Web Application Attacks:Covers command injection and its differences from i.
* Chapter 9: Input Validation Techniquesiscusses methods to prevent command injection.

NEW QUESTION # 47
Which of the following BEST enables an organization to identify potential security threats by monitoring and analyzing network traffic for unusual activity?
Answer: A
Explanation:
ASecurity Operation Center (SOC)is tasked with monitoring and analyzing network traffic to detect anomalies and potential security threats.
* Role:SOCs collect and analyze data from firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and other network monitoring tools.
* Function:Analysts in the SOC identify unusual activity patterns that may indicate intrusions or malware.
* Proactive Threat Detection:Uses log analysis and behavioral analytics to catch threats early.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Web application firewall (WAF)rotects against web-based attacks but does not analyze network traffic in general.
* B. Endpoint security:Focuses on individual devices, not network-wide monitoring.
* D. Data loss prevention (DLP):Monitors data exfiltration rather than overall network activity.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 8, Section "Security Monitoring and Threat Detection," Subsection "Role of the SOC" - SOCs are integral to identifying potential security threats through network traffic analysis.

NEW QUESTION # 48
An organization was breached via a web application attack to a database in which user inputs were not validated. This can BEST be described as which type of attack?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The described scenario indicates aInjection (i)attack, where the attacker exploitsinsufficient input validation in a web application to manipulate queries. This type of attack falls under the category ofBroken Access Controlbecause:
* Improper Input Handling:The application fails to properly sanitize or validate user inputs, allowing malicious commands to execute.
* Direct Database Manipulation:Attackers can bypass normal authentication or gain elevated access by injecting code.
* OWASP Top Ten 2021istsBroken Access Controlas a critical risk, often leading to data breaches when input validation is weak.
Other options analysis:
* B. Infection:Typically involves malware, which is not relevant here.
* C. Buffer overflow:Involves memory management errors, not manipulation.
* D. X-Path:Involves XML query manipulation, not databases.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 4: Web Application Securityiscusses Injection as a common form of broken access control.
* Chapter 9: Secure Coding and Development:Stresses the importance of input validation to prevent i.

NEW QUESTION # 49
Which of the following is the MOST effective approach for tracking vulnerabilities in an organization's systems and applications?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Themost effective approach to tracking vulnerabilitiesis to regularly performvulnerability scans and assessmentsbecause:
* Proactive Identification:Regular scanning detects newly introduced vulnerabilities from software updates or configuration changes.
* Automated Monitoring:Modern scanning tools (like Nessus or OpenVAS) can automatically identify vulnerabilities in systems and applications.
* Assessment Reportsrovide prioritized lists of discovered vulnerabilities, helping IT teams address the most critical issues first.
* Compliance and Risk Management:Routine scans are essential for maintaining security baselines and compliance with standards (like PCI-DSS or ISO 27001).
Other options analysis:
* A. Wait for external reports:Reactive and risky, as vulnerabilities might remain unpatched.
* B. Rely on employee reporting:Inconsistent and unlikely to cover all vulnerabilities.
* D. Track only public vulnerabilities:Ignores zero-day and privately disclosed issues.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 6: Vulnerability Management:Emphasizes continuous scanning as a critical part of risk mitigation.
* Chapter 9: Security Monitoring Practicesiscusses automated scanning and vulnerability tracking.

NEW QUESTION # 50
For this question you must log into GreenboneVulnerability Manager using Firefox. The URL is:https://10.
10.55.4:9392 and credentials are:
Username:admin
Password:Secure-gvm!
A colleague performed a vulnerability scan but did notreview prior to leaving for a family emergency. It hasbeen determined that a threat actor is using CVE-2021-22145 in the wild. What is the host IP of the machinethat is vulnerable to this CVE?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To determine the host IP of the machine vulnerable toCVE-2021-22145usingGreenbone Vulnerability Manager (GVM), follow these detailed steps:
Step 1: Access Greenbone Vulnerability Manager
* OpenFirefoxon your system.
* Go to the GVM login page:
URL: https://10.10.55.4:9392
* Enter the credentials:
Username: admin
Password: Secure-gvm!
* ClickLoginto access the dashboard.
Step 2: Navigate to Scan Reports
* Once logged in, locate the"Scans"menu on the left panel.
* Click on"Reports"under the"Scans"section to view the list of completed vulnerability scans.
Step 3: Identify the Most Recent Scan
* Check thedate and timeof the last completed scan, as your colleague likely used the latest one.
* Click on theReport NameorDateto open the detailed scan results.
Step 4: Filter for CVE-2021-22145
* In the report view, locate the"Search"or"Filter"box at the top.
* Enter the CVE identifier:
CVE-2021-22145
* PressEnterto filter the vulnerabilities.
Step 5: Analyze the Results
* The system will display any host(s) affected byCVE-2021-22145.
* The details will typically include:
* Host IP Address
* Vulnerability Name
* Severity Level
* Vulnerability Details
Example Display:
Host IP
Vulnerability ID
CVE
Severity
192.168.1.100
SomeVulnName
CVE-2021-22145
High
Step 6: Verify the Vulnerability
* Click on the host IP to see thedetailed vulnerability description.
* Check for the following:
* Exploitability: Proof that the vulnerability can be actively exploited.
* Description and Impact: Details about the vulnerability and its potential impact.
* Fixes/Recommendations: Suggested mitigations or patches.
Step 7: Note the Vulnerable Host IP
* The IP address that appears in the filtered list is thevulnerable machine.
Example Answer:
The host IP of the machine vulnerable to CVE-2021-22145 is: 192.168.1.100 Step 8: Take Immediate Actions
* Isolate the affected machineto prevent exploitation.
* Patch or updatethe software affected by CVE-2021-22145.
* Perform a quick re-scanto ensure that the vulnerability has been mitigated.
Step 9: Generate a Report for Documentation
* Export the filtered scan results as aPDForHTMLfrom the GVM.
* Include:
* Host IP
* CVE ID
* Severity and Risk Level
* Remediation Steps
Background on CVE-2021-22145:
* This CVE is related to a vulnerability in certain software, often associated withimproper access control orauthentication bypass.
* Attackers can exploit this to gain unauthorized access or escalate privileges.

NEW QUESTION # 51
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