L4M3赤本勉強 & L4M3問題と解答私たちCIPSのL4M3学習教材の合格率は非常に高く、約99％です。 L4M3の問題トレントの無料ダウンロードと試用を提供し、L4M3試験トレントを頻繁に更新して、十分なテストバンクを取得し、理論と実践の傾向を追跡できるようにします。選択できる3つのバージョンが用意されているため、最も便利な学習方法を選択できます。 L4M3の最新の質問は、経験豊富な専門家によって精巧にまとめられています。したがって、当社の製品を購入することは非常に便利であり、多くのメリットがあります。
CIPS L4M3（CIPSコマーシャル契約）認証試験は、国際的に認識された認定であり、専門家に商業契約に必要な知識とスキルを装備するように設計されています。この認定は、調達およびサプライチェーン管理の分野で主要な専門団体の1つであるチャータードーシュレメントアンドサプライ研究所（CIPS）によって提供されています。 CIPS L4M3認定は、調達または契約管理のバックグラウンドを持ち、商業契約のスキルと知識を向上させようとしている専門家に最適です。 CIPS Commercial Contracting 認定 L4M3 試験問題 (Q73-Q78):質問 # 73
Which of the following are the conditions for revocation of offer to be valid?
1. The offeree has not received the offer yet
2. Revocation of offer must be communicated with the offeree
3. Revocation of offer must be sent via email
4. Offeree has not accepted the offer yet
A. 2 and 3 only
B. 1 and 4 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 2 and 4 only
正解：D
解説：
A revocation of offer is the withdrawal of a previous offer to engage in some sort of legally binding contract.
The previous offer had to have been such that it would have immediately become legally binding if the other party had formally agreed to it.
A core ruling defining revocation of offers was established by Payne v. Cave. This case established that neither party is bound to an agreement until an offer has been made by one and formally accepted by the other.
If an offer has been made, the offering party has a right to withdraw it up to formal acceptance by the offeree.
Revocation basically serves as formal, legally verifiable notice that a withdrawal was made, and it's valid so long as it is communicated to the offeree before they accept.
The case of Byrne v. Van Tienhoven supports this by establishing that the withdrawal of an offer by telegram is only valid if the telegram is received before the offer is accepted. The case of Dickinson v. Dodds further establishes that the party making the offer can communicate the revocation through a third party.
Reference:
- What Is a Revocation of Offer?
- CIPS study guide page 31
LO 1, AC 1.2
質問 # 74
A purchase order can become a contract between supplier and purchaser if it is...?
A. Received by the supplier
B. Edited by the supplier
C. Accepted by the supplier
D. Issued by the buyer
正解：C
解説：
A purchase order is a document sent from a buyer to a seller, with a request to order a product. The purchase order often has its number, description and quantity of the goods, unit prices and total price, name of issuer, time of delivery, standard terms and conditions, etc. It is effectively an offer to supplier. The purchase order will become a formal contract if supplier accepted it by written notice or by performance (such as deliver the goods to the buyer's premise).
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
質問 # 75
Solus Trading has begun a project to improve the level of delivery performance from its suppliers. They need to develop a key performance indicator (KPI) to measure the performance improvement. Which KPI would be suitable to use?
A. Percentage of cost reduction
B. Percentage of customer complaints
C. Percentage of on-time in full
D. Percentage of rejects and returns
正解：C
解説：
"On-time in full" (OTIF) is a key performance indicator used widely in logistics and supply chain management to assess how reliably suppliers meet delivery schedules. It reflects both delivery timing and completeness of orders, making it highly relevant to Solus Trading's project.
Reference:CIPS L4M3 Commercial Contracting Study Guide, Chapter 4, Section 4.3.1 - Use of KPIs in supplier performance monitoring.
質問 # 76
Which of the following should be used in a contract for window cleaning during the next three months?
A. Fixed pricing arrangement
B. Variable pricing arrangement
C. Cost-plus arrangement
D. Standard schedule of rates
正解：A
解説：
A contract for window cleaning during the next three months is a short-term service contract in which changes of input costs (labour, tools,...) are very unlikely to happen.
Fixed pricing arrangement is useful for small to medium scope project, with short timelines, where what is delivered can be adequately specified and the likelihood of changes to the specification, scope and input costs is limited.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 172-176
LO 3, AC 3.3
質問 # 77
Which of the following will always give rise to a claim of misrepresentation?
1. Silence
2. False thought
3. Statement of fact
4. Representation by conduct
A. 2 and 4 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 3 and 4 only
正解：D
解説：
A misrepresentation is a false statement of fact or law which induces the representee to enter a contract.
Where a statement made during the course of negotiations is classed as a representation rather than a term an action for misrepresentation may be available where the statement turns out to be untrue.
For a party to claim for misrepresentation, there must be a false statement of fact or law as oppose to opinion or estimate of future events. It does not matter whether the incorrect information is given by words or takes the form of misleading conduct.
Silence will not generally amount to a misrepresentation. However, it can become a misrepresentation in some exceptional circumstances.
In the L4M3 study guide, the author states that "A statement of law is not misrepresentation". This is untrue in both common law and civil law systems. In the UK, false statement of law will now amount to an actionable misrepresentation (see Pankhania v Hackney [2002] EWHC 2441).
Reference:
- Misrepresentation
- L4M3 study guide page 53-55
LO 1, AC 1.2