L4M2資格関連題 & L4M2試験対策書L4M2の実際の質問を使用するユーザーは、試験の準備をしていないユーザーよりも有利です。私たちの教材は、ユーザーが実際のテスト環境シミュレーショントレーニングに最も近いものにすることを可能にし、ユーザーがL4M2実践ガイドで効果的に実践できるようにします。 。試験のために、力は試験に合格するだけでなく、受験者が能力を発揮する強い心を持っている必要があるため、L4M2学習ガイド教材は、継続的なシミュレーションテストを通じて、L4M2試験に合格するのに役立ちます。 CIPS Defining Business Needs 認定 L4M2 試験問題 (Q182-Q187):質問 # 182
An automotive manufacturer is sourcing rubber components from Company A.
The specification given to the supplier state that the component should be 1 meter long, without mentioning the tolerance. Enthusiast with the opportunity, engineers at Company A work hard to cut the components with tolerance at only +/- 1mm. The head and tail of the component is then joined together to form a circular band. After that it is stretched over another component. To fit this purpose, the rubber component can be at any length from 80cm to 110cm. This is an example of...?
A. Defects
B. Waiting
C. Over processing
D. Unnecessary motion
正解：C
解説：
This questions is intended to ask students about types of waste in Lean principles.
Lean was born out of manufacturing practices but in recent time has transformed the world of knowledge work and management. It encourages the practice of continuous improvement and is based on the fundamental idea of respect for people. Womack and Jones defined the five principles of Lean manufacturing in their book "The Machine That Changed the World". The five principles are considered a recipe for improving workplace efficiency and include: 1) defining value, 2) mapping the value stream, 3) creating flow, 4) using a pull system, and 5) pursuing perfection.
Lean principles aim to eliminate waste in processes. The eight wastes of Lean principles are:
- Defects
- Over-production
- Waiting
- Not using talent
- Transport and handling
- Inventory
- Motion waste
- Excess processing
In the scenario, the component is processed more than necessary. The engineers try to make them as accurate as possible with very little tolerance. In fact, the component does not need to be that precise. This excesses buyer's requirements and incurs costs for both buyer and supplier. The scenario is an example of over processing (or excess processing).
Overprocessing is one of the seven wastes of lean manufacturing (or 7 mudas); Overprocessing is adding more value to a product than the customer actually requires such as painting areas that will never be seen or be exposed to corrosion.
Overprocessing as one of the seven wastes is caused by having unclear standards and specifications, many operators will try to do the best job possible and will not always be aware of what truly adds value to the product or even the end use. They will therefore often expend time polishing and finishing components that do not require it.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 153-156
- Waste of Overprocessing; causes, costs, examples solutions, symptoms (leanmanufactur-ingtools.org) LO 3, AC 3.4
質問 # 183
At which stage of through-life contract management, procurement team needs to identify sources of risk and the ways to mitigate them?
A. Supplier relationship stage
B. Specification stage
C. Contracting stage
D. Tendering stage
正解：A
解説：
Risk management has become incredibly complex, especially for capital purchase which requires through-life contract. Any source of risks should be identified and closely managed from the specification stage.
There should be sufficient information in the specification to minimise risks later in the through-life contract.
Here is something to consider:
- Make sure the parties to the contract are clearly identified. This is particularly important if a prime contractor is being used. Allow them to subcontract elements of the specification.
- Clearly identify any testing and quality assurance procedures and who will perform them.
- Document every important aspect of the specification including a project plan
- Include a reasonable limitation of liability clause in the contract and reference it in the specifica-tion
- Identify any guarantees that are needed
- Be clear on what insurance will and will not cover
- Make sure there is clear audit trail of any changes to the specification together with approvals LO 3, AC 3.2
質問 # 184
What does the acronym RAQSCI stand for?
A. Regulatory, Ability, Quality, Service, Cost, Inventory
B. Relationship, Availability, Quantity, Sustainability, Cost, Innovation
C. Regulatory, Availability, Quality, Service, Cost, Innovation
D. Relationship, Ability, Quality, Service, Cost, Innovation
E. Regulatory, Availability, Quantity, Sustainability, Inventory
正解：C
解説：
RAQSCI stands for Regulatory, Availability, Quality, Service, Cost, Innovation.
LO 1, AC 1.1
質問 # 185
Andrew is responsible for procurement of capital assets at Lumber Ltd. He is devising new business case for the purchase of a new band saw. The purchase price of the saw is $50,000. Andrew estimates that the machine will generate $10,000 per year of net cash flow. What is the payback period of this band saw?
A. 5 years
B. 10 years
C. 3 years
D. 4 years
正解：A
解説：
Payback period is the time in which the initial outlay of an investment is expected to be recovered through the cash inflows generated by the investment. It is one of the simplest investment apprais-al techniques.
Since cash flow estimates are quite accurate for periods in the near future and relatively inaccurate for periods in distant future due to economic and operational uncertainties, payback period is an indicator of risk inherent in a project because it takes initial inflows into account and ignores the cash flows after the point at which the initial investment is recovered.
The formula to calculate the payback period of an investment depends on whether the periodic cash inflows from the project are even or uneven.
If the cash inflows are even (such as for investments in annuities), the formula to calculate payback period is:
Payback Period = Initial Investment / Net Cash Flow per Period
When cash inflows are uneven, we need to calculate the cumulative net cash flow for each period and then use the following formula:
Payback Period =A + (B/C)
Where,
A is the last period number with a negative cumulative cash flow;
B is the absolute value (i.e. value without negative sign) of cumulative net cash flow at the end of the period A; and C is the total cash inflow during the period following period A Cumulative net cash flow is the sum of inflows to date, minus the initial outflow.
Reference:
- Payback Period | Formulas, Calculation & Examples (xplaind.com)
- CIPS study guide page 44-47
LO 1, AC 1.3
質問 # 186
Which of the following indicates types of waste that procurement department concentrates on when adopting Lean methods?
A. OWN-IT
B. VA/VE
C. SCAMPER
D. DOWNTIME
正解：D
解説：
Copious amounts of waste can occur in the workplace, particularly in a manufacturing process, but do you know what the eight most commons wastes are and how they impact your organization?
Taiichi Ohno, considered the father of Toyota Production System, created a lean manufacturing framework, which was based on the idea of preserving (or increasing) value with less work. Any-thing that doesn't increase value in the eye of the customer must be considered waste, or "Muda", and every effort should be made to eliminate that waste. The following 8 lean manufacturing wastes, mostly derived from the TPS, have a universal application to businesses today. The acro-nym for the eight wastes is DOWNTIME. Downtime stands for:
- Defects
- Overproduction
- Waiting
- Not utilizing talent
- Transportation
- Inventory excess
- Motion waste
- Excess processing
OWN-IT is the acronym for the process of collecting and analysing the data and information needed in any field SCAMPER is acronym for options addressing the underlying issues and achieving target VA/VE is value analysis and value engineering LO 3, AC 3.4