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A building camera is remotely accessed and disabled from the remote console application during off-hours. A security analyst reviews the following logs:
Which of the following actions should the analyst take to best mitigate the threat?
A. Only allow connections from approved IPs.
B. Upgrade the firmware on the camera.
C. Implement WAF protection for the web application.
D. Block IP 104.18.16.29 on the firewall.
Antwort: A
Begr¨¹ndung:
The logs indicate unauthorized access from 104.18.16.29, an external IP, to the building camera's administrative console during off-hours. Restricting access only to approved IPs ensures that only authorized personnel can remotely control the cameras, reducing the risk of unauthorized access and manipulation.
* Implementing WAF protection (A) secures against web application attacks but does not restrict unauthorized administrative access.
* Upgrading the firmware (B) is good security hygiene but does not immediately mitigate the active threat.
* Blocking IP 104.18.16.29 (D) is a temporary measure, as an attacker can switch to another IP. A better long-term solution is whitelisting trusted IPs.
171. Frage
After several companies in the financial industry were affected by a similar incident, they shared information about threat intelligence and the malware used for exploitation. Which of the following should the companies do to best indicate whether the attacks are being conducted by the same actor?
A. Look for common IOCs.
B. Use IOC extractions.
C. Leverage malware detonation.
D. Apply code stylometry.
Antwort: D
Begr¨¹ndung:
Determining if attacks are from the same actor requires unique attribution. Let's analyze:
A). Code stylometry:Analyzes coding style to identify authorship, the best method for linking malware to a specific actor per CAS-005's threat intelligence focus.
B). Common IOCs:Indicates similar attacks but not necessarily the same actor.
C). IOCextractions:Similar to B, lacks specificity for attribution.
Reference:CompTIA SecurityX (CAS-005) objectives, Domain 2: Security Operations, covering threat intelligence.
172. Frage
A security engineer needs 10 secure the OT environment based on me following requirements
* Isolate the OT network segment
* Restrict Internet access.
* Apply security updates two workstations
* Provide remote access to third-party vendors
Which of the following design strategies should the engineer implement to best meet these requirements?
A. Enable outbound internet access on the OT firewall to any destination IP address and use the centralized update server for the workstations
B. Create a staging environment on the OT network for the third-party vendor to access and enable automatic updates on the workstations.
C. Deploy a jump box on the third party network to access the OT environment and provide updates using a physical delivery method on the workstations
D. Implement a bastion host in the OT network with security tools in place to monitor access and use a dedicated update server for the workstations.
Antwort: D
Begr¨¹ndung:
To secure the Operational Technology (OT) environment based on the given requirements, the best approach is to implement a bastion host in the OT network. The bastion host serves as a secure entry point for remote access, allowing third-party vendors to connect while being monitored by security tools. Using a dedicated update server for workstations ensures that security updates are applied in a controlled manner without direct internet access.
References:
* CompTIA SecurityX Study Guide: Recommends the use of bastion hosts and dedicated update servers for securing OT environments.
* NIST Special Publication 800-82, "Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security": Advises on isolating OT networks and using secure remote access methods.
* "Industrial Network Security" by Eric D. Knapp and Joel Thomas Langill: Discusses strategies for securing OT networks, including the use of bastion hosts and update servers.
173. Frage
A product development team has submitted code snippets for review prior to release.
INSTRUCTIONS
Analyze the code snippets, and then select one vulnerability, and one fix for each code snippet.
Code Snippet 1
Code Snippet 2
Vulnerability 1:
* SQL injection
* Cross-site request forgery
* Server-side request forgery
* Indirect object reference
* Cross-site scripting
Fix 1:
* Perform input sanitization of the userid field.
* Perform output encoding of queryResponse,
* Ensure usex:ia belongs to logged-in user.
* Inspect URLS and disallow arbitrary requests.
* Implement anti-forgery tokens.
Vulnerability 2
1) Denial of service
2) Command injection
3) SQL injection
4) Authorization bypass
5) Credentials passed via GET
Fix 2
A) Implement prepared statements and bind
variables.
B) Remove the serve_forever instruction.
C) Prevent the "authenticated" value from being overridden by a GET parameter.
D) HTTP POST should be used for sensitive parameters.
E) Perform input sanitization of the userid field. Antwort:
Begr¨¹ndung:
See the solution below in explanation.
Explanation:
Code Snippet 1
Vulnerability 1: SQL injection
SQL injection is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in the code that interacts with a database. An attacker can inject malicious SQL commands into the input fields, such as username or password, and execute them on the database server. This can result in data theft, data corruption, or unauthorized access.
Fix 1: Perform input sanitization of the userid field.
Input sanitization is a technique that prevents SQL injection by validating and filtering the user input values before passing them to the database. The input sanitization should remove any special characters, such as quotes, semicolons, or dashes, that can alter the intended SQL query. Alternatively, the input sanitization can use a whitelist of allowed values and reject any other values.
Code Snippet 2
Vulnerability 2: Cross-site request forgery
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in the code that handles web requests. An attacker can trick a user into sending a malicious web request to a server that performs an action on behalf of the user, such as changing their password, transferring funds, or deleting data. This can result in unauthorized actions, data loss, or account compromise.
Fix 2: Implement anti-forgery tokens.
Anti-forgery tokens are techniques that prevent CSRF by adding a unique and secret value to each web request that is generated by the server and verified by the server before performing the action. The anti-forgery token should be different for each user and each session, and should not be predictable or reusable by an attacker.
This way, only legitimate web requests from the user's browser can be accepted by the server.
174. Frage
An endpoint security engineer finds that a newly acquired company has a variety of non-standard applications running and no defined ownership for those applications. The engineer needs to find a solution that restricts malicious programs and software from running in that environment, while allowing the non-standard applications to function without interruption. Which of the following application control configurations should the engineer apply?
A. MAC list
B. Allow list
C. Deny list
D. Audit mode
Antwort: D
Begr¨¹ndung:
Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step
Option A: Deny list
Deny lists block specific applications or processes identified as malicious.
This approach is reactive and may inadvertently block the non-standard applications that are currently in use without proper ownership.
Option B: Allow list
Allow lists permit only pre-approved applications to run.
While secure, this approach requires defining all non-standard applications, which may disrupt operations in an environment where ownership is unclear.
Option C: Audit mode
Correct Answer.
Audit mode allows monitoring and logging of applications without enforcing restrictions.
This is ideal in environments with non-standard applications and undefined ownership because it enables the engineer to observe the environment and gradually implement control without interruption.
Audit mode provides critical visibility into the software landscape, ensuring that necessary applications remain functional.
Option D: MAC list
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) lists restrict access based on classification and clearance levels.
This does not align with application control objectives in this context.
:
CompTIA CASP+ Study Guide - Chapters on Endpoint Security and Application Control.
CASP+ Objective 2.4: Implement appropriate security controls for enterprise endpoints.
175. Frage
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