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The CKA exam is designed to test the candidate's ability to deploy, configure, and manage Kubernetes clusters. CKA exam is a hands-on, performance-based test where the candidate must complete a set of tasks within a given time frame. The tasks include creating and managing clusters, pods, services, and deployments, troubleshooting issues, and securing the Kubernetes environment.
Linux Foundation Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Program Certification Exam is designed to test the skills and knowledge of individuals in the field of Kubernetes administration. CKA Exam is aimed at individuals who are responsible for designing, deploying, and maintaining Kubernetes clusters in production environments. The CKA Program Certification Exam is a performance-based exam, which means that candidates will be required to perform tasks on a live Kubernetes cluster rather than answering multiple-choice questions.
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The CKA program is suitable for professionals who are interested in deploying, managing, and scaling containerized applications. Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Program Exam certification exam is intended for system administrators, DevOps engineers, and developers who are seeking to enhance their skills in Kubernetes administration. The CKA Exam is a challenging test that requires a deep understanding of Kubernetes architecture, containerization concepts, and network design. CKA exam aims to validate the candidate's expertise in Kubernetes administration and help them stand out in the job market. Linux Foundation Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Program Exam Sample Questions (Q18-Q23):NEW QUESTION # 18
A Kubernetes worker node, named wk8s-node-0 is in state NotReady. Investigate why this is the case, and perform any appropriate steps to bring the node to a Ready state, ensuring that any changes are made permanent.
You can ssh to the failed node using:
[student@node-1] $ | ssh Wk8s-node-0
You can assume elevated privileges on the node with the following command:
[student@w8ks-node-0] $ | sudo -i Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
solution
NEW QUESTION # 19
Your Kubernetes cluster has been running for some time, and it's becoming increasingly difficult to manage permissions for your applications. You are noticing a growing list of roles and role bindings, making it challenging to understand the relationships between them.
Describe a strategy to simplify and streamline your RBAC configuration by implementing best practices. Also, discuss how you can improve the manageability and auditing of your RBAC setup. Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Implement a Hierarchical Structure:
- Create high-level roles for common tasks such as "admin," "developer," "viewer," etc., providing broad permissions.
- Build more specific roles for specific applications or services, inheriting permissions from the higher-level roles.
- Example:
- "admin" role: grants full access to the cluster.
- "app-developer" role: inherits from "admin," but with restricted permissions only to specific namespaces and resources related to the application.
- "app-viewer" role: inherits from "app-developer" with limited permissions for monitoring and viewing resources.
2. Utilize ClusterRoles for Global Permissions:
- ClusterRoles are designed to grant permissions across the entire cluster, simplifying management for resources that need consistent access.
- This allows for centralized control of common permissions, reducing duplication of role definitions.
3. Leverage Service Accounts for Application-Level Permissions:
- Create service accounts for each application and bind them to appropriate roles.
- Use service accounts to manage access for pods, deployments, and other resources related to a specific application.
- This reduces the need for manually assigning permissions to individual resources.
4. Adopt a Role-Based Structure:
- Design RBAC policies around roles instead of individual users.
- This allows for easier management of permissions by modifying roles rather than individual user bindings.
- Ensure users are assigned to appropriate roles based on their responsibilities.
5. Implement RBAC Auditing and Monitoring:
- Use tools like 'kubectl auth can-i' to test and validate RBAC permissions.
- Monitor RBAC events and changes using audit logging features.
- Analyze audit logs to identify any suspicious activity and troubleshoot RBAC issues.
6. Consider External RBAC Solutions:
- For larger deployments, consider using external RBAC solutions like Keycloak or OpenLDAP for centralized user management and role-based access control.
- This can simplify the process of managing users, roles, and permissions across multiple clusters.
7. Documentation:
- Maintain comprehensive documentation of your RBAC setup, including roles, bindings, and any specific permissions.
- This documentation will be crucial for future maintenance, debugging, and troubleshooting. ,
NEW QUESTION # 20
You are deploying an application on Kubernetes. You need to ensure that a minimum of three pods are always running for this application. How can you achieve this? Describe how to configure the deployment with a replica count and a liveness probe to monitor the health of the pods. Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Deployment with a Replica Count:
- Create a YAML file named 'deployment.yamr with the following content:
- Apply the YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml&. 2. Configure a Liveness Probe: - Update the 'deployment.yaml' file to include a liveness probe. For example, you could use a HTTP probe:
- Apply the updated YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml'. 3. Verify the Deployment: - Check the status of the deployment using get deployments myapp-deploymen. - Ensure that three pods are running and that the liveness probe is monitoring their health. You can use 'kubectl describe pod myapp-deployment-XXXX' (where XXXX is the pod name) to see the details of the pod and the liveness probe status.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Create a deployment spec file that will:
* Launch 7 replicas of the nginx Image with the labelapp_runtime_stage=dev
* deployment name: kual00201
Save a copy of this spec file to /opt/KUAL00201/spec_deployment.yaml
(or /opt/KUAL00201/spec_deployment.json).
When you are done, clean up (delete) any new Kubernetes API object that you produced during this task. Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
solution
NEW QUESTION # 22
You have two Kubernetes clusters, 'cluster 1' and 'cluster2, and you need to establish a connection between the two clusters using a NetworkPolicy. You want to allow all traffic from pods in 'cluster 1' to pods in 'cluster? , and you need to implement this using an Ingress rule. What steps are required to configure this connection? Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1 . Create a NetworkPolicy in 'cluster?
- Create a NetworkPolicy in 'cluster? that allows all traffic from pods in 'cluster 1'
- Code:
2. Create an Ingress in 'cluster2: - Create an Ingress in 'cluster? that routes traffic from 'clusterl' to the appropriate services or pods in cluster?. - Code:
3. Apply the Configurations: - Apply the NetworkPolicy and Ingress resources to the respective clusters using 'kubectl apply -f networkpolicy.yaml' and 'kubectl apply -f ingress.yaml'.
