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Which change can be made in order to avoid exceeding the Nyquist limit?
A. Increase output power
B. Decrease pulse repetition frequency
C. Decrease output power
D. Increase pulse repetition frequency
答案:D
解題說明:
To avoid exceeding the Nyquist limit and prevent aliasing in Doppler ultrasound, the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) should be increased. The Nyquist limit is half of the PRF, so by increasing the PRF, the Nyquist limit is raised, allowing the system to accurately measure higher velocities without encountering aliasing artifacts.
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines
Zwiebel, W. J., & Pellerito, J. S. (2017).Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography. Elsevier.
問題 #113
What produces increased attenuation within soft tissue?
A. Higher frequency of the ultrasound beam
B. Lower frequency of the ultrasound beam
C. Lower intensity of the ultrasound beam
D. Higher intensity of the ultrasound beam
答案:A
解題說明:
Attenuation refers to the reduction in the intensity of the ultrasound beam as it travels through tissue. Higher frequency ultrasound beams experience more attenuation because they are absorbed and scattered more than lower frequency beams. This is due to the fact that higher frequency waves have shorter wavelengths and interact more with the small particles in tissues, causing greater energy loss.
References:ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation, Chapter on Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation.
問題 #114
Which change was made after acquiring image A to produce image B?
A. Increased spectral gain
B. Decreased pulse repetition frequency
C. Decreased wall filter
D. Increased sweep speed
答案:B
解題說明:
Increased Sweep Speed: This affects the display of the waveform over time but does not impact the appearance of the spectral Doppler signal in the way shown.
Decreased Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): Lowering the PRF can lead to aliasing, which is evident as the waveform wrapping around in the spectral display from image A to image B. This makes the velocity appear higher than it actually is.
Decreased Wall Filter: This adjustment primarily affects the elimination of low-frequency Doppler signals but does not typically cause the kind of changes seen in the images.
Increased Spectral Gain: Increasing the gain would result in a brighter spectral display but not the wrapping of the signal as seen.
Reference:
"Understanding Ultrasound Physics" by Sidney K. Edelman
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation study materials
問題 #115
Which change should be made to lower the mechanical index (MI)?
A. Decreasing output power
B. Increasing gain
C. Lowering transducer frequency
D. Activating tissue harmonics
答案:A
解題說明:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Mechanical Index (MI) is proportional to the peak negative pressure and inversely proportional to the square root of frequency. Lowering output power directly decreases the peak pressure, thus reducing MI.
Principles and Instrumentation state:
"Mechanical index decreases with lower output power, reducing the risk of mechanical bioeffects such as cavitation."
* Lowering frequency (A) increases MI.
* Tissue harmonics (B) improves image quality but does not reduce MI directly.
* Increasing gain (D) affects displayed brightness, not acoustic power.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Decreasing output power.
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問題 #116
Which feature is a characteristic of write magnification?
A. Larger pixel size
B. Post-processing
C. Decreased spatial resolution
D. New data acquisition
答案:D
解題說明:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Write magnification acquires new data over the smaller field of view with a higher number of scan lines, improving spatial resolution.
Principles and Instrumentation state:
"Write magnification rescans the selected region with new data acquisition, increasing the number of pixels and improving resolution." Post-processing (A) applies to read magnification.
Larger pixel size (C) would decrease resolution.
Write magnification improves, not decreases (D), spatial resolution.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: New data acquisition.
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問題 #117
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