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Why is capacity requirements planning (CRP) important?
A. It coordinates availability of materials for production processes.
B. It creates a transparent view of lead time and overtime usage in work centers.
C. It provides the ability to compare available production capabilities to the planned workload.
D. It enables an assessment of employee production efficiency.
答案：C
解題說明：
Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP) is important because itcompares available production capacity to planned workloads, ensuring feasibility.
Once demand has been translated into production and material plans, CRP validates whether:
* Machines are available
* Labor hours are sufficient
* Work centers are not overloaded
Without CRP, organizations risk releasing production plans that cannot be executed, resulting in:
* Bottlenecks
* Overtime
* Missed delivery dates
* Poor resource utilization
The incorrect options describe other functions:
* Employee efficiency is evaluated through performance metrics
* Lead time transparency is a scheduling outcome, not CRP's core purpose
* Material coordination is handled by MRP
CRP ensures alignment betweenwhat is plannedandwhat is possible, making it a critical link between planning and execution in Operations Management.
問題 #70
Which definition used for quality evaluates how well a product performs its intended function?
A. Value for price paid
B. Fitness for use
C. Psychological criteria
D. Support services
答案：B
解題說明：
The concept ofquality as "fitness for use"evaluates how well a product or service performs itsintended function from the customer's perspective. This definition was strongly emphasized by quality pioneer Joseph Juranand is widely adopted in Operations Management and Total Quality Management (TQM) frameworks.
Fitness for use means that a product must not only meet technical specifications but must alsoperform reliably, safely, and effectively in real customer usage conditions. For example, a shoe that looks attractive but causes discomfort or wears out quickly is not "fit for use," even if it meets internal manufacturing standards.
This definition contrasts with other quality perspectives:
* Support servicesfocus on after-sales service, not the product's core function.
* Value for price paidevaluates perceived value, which includes cost considerations.
* Psychological criteriarelate to image, aesthetics, or brand perception.
Operations Management emphasizes fitness for use because it directly linksdesign, production, and customer satisfaction. Products designed without considering how customers actually use them often lead to defects, complaints, and warranty costs-even if internal quality standards are met.
Fitness for use also reinforcescross-functional coordination, especially between marketing (understanding customer needs), design (translating needs into specifications), and operations (producing consistently). This definition supports continuous improvement by encouraging organizations to reduce variability, improve reliability, and focus on customer-defined quality rather than internally defined metrics alone.
問題 #71
Which two capacity measurement concepts should a firm consider when conducting a location analysis?
Choose 2 answers
A. Site considerations
B. Building employee relations
C. Proximity to sources of supply
D. Throughput time
答案：A,C
解題說明：
When conducting a location analysis, firms must considerproximity to sources of supplyandsite considerationsas key capacity-related factors.
Proximity to sources of supplyaffects:
* Transportation cost and reliability
* Lead times
* Inventory requirements
* Production continuity
Reliable supply access directly influences effective capacity by reducing disruptions and variability.
Site considerationsinclude:
* Land availability and cost
* Infrastructure and utilities
* Expansion potential
* Zoning and regulatory constraints
These factors determine how much capacity can be installed, expanded, and operated efficiently over time.
The other options are less relevant:
* Throughput time is a process performance metric
* Employee relations are important but not capacity measurement concepts Operations Management emphasizes that capacity decisions are long-term and capital-intensive. Poor location choices constrain future capacity, flexibility, and growth.
問題 #72
Why is kanban significant to the "pull" system?
A. It is a process that is only for support or maintenance.
B. It is a process that highlights the highest-performing organization.
C. It requires that all work items are sized the same.
D. It specifies the exact quantity of a product that needs to be produced.
答案：D
解題說明：
Kanbanis significant to the pull system because itspecifies the exact quantity of a product that needs to be produced.
In a pull system, production is triggered byactual demand, not forecasts. Kanban cards or signals authorize the movement or production of a specific quantity only when downstream processes require it.
Kanban supports:
* Inventory reduction
* Flow synchronization
* Waste elimination
* Visual control
Each kanban represents permission to produce or move a defined quantity, preventing overproduction-one of the most costly forms of waste.
The other options are incorrect:
* Work items do not need to be identical
* Kanban applies to core production, not just support
* It does not rank organizations
Kanban is a cornerstone of JIT and lean systems because it operationalizes the pull principle in a simple, visual, and disciplined way.
問題 #73
Which work system acknowledges the benefits of employee proficiency?
A. Enhanced employee relations
B. Employee longevity
C. Lower operating cost
D. Labor specialization
答案：D
解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
Labor specializationacknowledges the benefits of employee proficiency by allowing workers to focus on specific tasks, increasing skill, speed, and consistency.
In Operations Management, labor specialization:
* Reduces learning time
* Increases productivity
* Improves quality consistency
* Lowers unit costs
Employees become highly proficient through repetition and experience. This principle underpins early scientific management and remains relevant in many high-volume environments.
The other options are outcomes or enablers, not work systems:
* Employee longevity is a result, not a system
* Enhanced relations support performance but do not define task design
* Lower operating cost is a consequence of specialization
While specialization can create efficiency, it must be balanced with job design strategies (e.g., enrichment or rotation) to avoid fatigue and disengagement.