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The network in ABC company is using the network address 192.168.1.64 with mask 255.255.255.192. In the network the servers are in the addresses 192.168.1.122, 192.168.1.123 and 192.168.1.124. An attacker is trying to find those servers but he cannot see them in his scanning. The command he is using is: nmap
192.168.1.64/28.
Why he cannot see the servers?
A. The network must be dawn and the nmap command and IP address are ok
B. He is scanning from 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.78 because of the mask /28 and the servers are not in that range
C. He needs to change the address to 192.168.1.0 with the same mask
D. He needs to add the command ""ip address"" just before the IP address
Answer: B
Explanation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnetwork
This is a fairly simple question. You must to understand what a subnet mask is and how it works.
A subnetwork or subnet is a logical subdivision of an IP network.The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting.
Computers that belong to the same subnet are addressed with an identical most-significant bit-group in their IP addresses. This results in the logical division of an IP address into two fields: the network number or routing prefix and the rest field or host identifier. The rest field is an identifier for a specific host or network interface.
The routing prefix may be expressed in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation written as the first address of a network, followed by a slash character (/), and ending with the bit-length of the prefix. For example, 198.51.100.0/24 is the prefix of the Internet Protocol version 4 network starting at the given address, having 24 bits allocated for the network prefix, and the remaining 8 bits reserved for host addressing.
Addresses in the range 198.51.100.0 to 198.51.100.255 belong to this network. The IPv6 address specification
2001:db8::/32 is a large address block with 296 addresses, having a 32-bit routing prefix.
For IPv4, a network may also be characterized by its subnet mask or netmask, which is the bitmask that when applied by a bitwise AND operation to any IP address in the network, yields the routing prefix. Subnet masks are also expressed in dot-decimal notation like an address. For example, 255.255.255.0 is the subnet mask for the prefix 198.51.100.0/24.
NEW QUESTION # 409
During a red team assessment, an ethical hacker must map a large multinational enterprise's external attack surface. Due to strict rules of engagement, no active scans may be used. The goal is to identify publicly visible subdomains to uncover forgotten or misconfigured services. Which method should the ethical hacker use to passively enumerate the organization's subdomains?
A. Conduct a brute-force DNS subdomain enumeration
B. Attempt to guess admin credentials and access the company's DNS portal
C. Request internal DNS records using spoofed credentials
D. Leverage tools like Netcraft or DNSdumpster to gather subdomain information
Answer: D
Explanation:
CEH clearly distinguishes between active and passive reconnaissance. Passive methods involve gathering publicly available data without directly interacting with the target's infrastructure, thus avoiding detection.
Tools such as Netcraft, DNSdumpster, VirusTotal, Certificate Transparency logs, and search engine indexing are recommended by CEH for discovering subdomains through public metadata, cached DNS records, WHOIS data, SSL certificate entries, and third-party enumeration databases. These platforms provide insights into externally accessible assets without sending packets or queries to the target organization. Brute- force enumeration is active and violates the rules of engagement. Attempting credential guessing or requesting internal DNS data are unauthorized and clearly active reconnaissance activities. Passive OSINT- based subdomain enumeration is a core CEH technique used to uncover hidden infrastructure safely and legally. It is especially crucial in red team operations where stealth is a priority.
NEW QUESTION # 410
Susan, a software developer, wants her web API to update other applications with the latest information. For this purpose, she uses a user-defined HTTP tailback or push APIs that are raised based on trigger events:
when invoked, this feature supplies data to other applications so that users can instantly receive real-time Information.
Which of the following techniques is employed by Susan?
A. web shells
B. SOAP API
C. Webhooks
D. REST API
Answer: C
Explanation:
Webhooks are one of a few ways internet applications will communicate with one another.
It allows you to send real-time data from one application to another whenever a given event happens.
For example, let's say you've created an application using the Foursquare API that tracks when people check into your restaurant. You ideally wish to be able to greet customers by name and provide a complimentary drink when they check in.
What a webhook will is notify you any time someone checks in, therefore you'd be able to run any processes that you simply had in your application once this event is triggered.
The data is then sent over the web from the application wherever the event originally occurred, to the receiving application that handles the data.
Here's a visual representation of what that looks like:
A webhook url is provided by the receiving application, and acts as a phone number that the other application will call once an event happens.
Only it's more complicated than a phone number, because data about the event is shipped to the webhook url in either JSON or XML format. this is known as the "payload." Here's an example of what a webhook url looks like with the payload it's carrying:
What are Webhooks? Webhooks are user-defined HTTP callback or push APIs that are raised based on events triggered, such as comment received on a post and pushing code to the registry. A webhook allows an application to update other applications with the latest information. Once invoked, it supplies data to the other applications, which means that users instantly receive real-time information. Webhooks are sometimes called
"Reverse APIs" as they provide what is required for API specification, and the developer should create an API to use a webhook. A webhook is an API concept that is also used to send text messages and notifications to mobile numbers or email addresses from an application when a specific event is triggered. For instance, if you search for something in the online store and the required item is out of stock, you click on the "Notify me" bar to get an alert from the application when that item is available for purchase. These notifications from the applications are usually sent through webhooks.
NEW QUESTION # 411
You are a cybersecurity specialist at CloudTech Inc., a company providing cloud-based services. You are managing a project for a client who wants to migrate their sensitive data to a public cloud service. To comply with regulatory requirements, the client insists on maintaining full control over the encryption keys even when the data is at rest on the cloud. Which of the following practices should you implement to meet this requirement?
A. Use the cloud service provider's encryption services but store keys on-premises.
B. Encrypt data client-side before uploading to the cloud and retain control of the encryption keys.
C. Use the cloud service provider's default encryption and key management services.
D. Rely on Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption for data at rest.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The best practice to meet the client's requirement is to encrypt data client-side before uploading to the cloud and retain control of the encryption keys. This practice is also known as client-side encryption or end-to-end encryption, and it involves encrypting the data on the client's device using a software or hardware tool that generates and manages the encryption keys. The encrypted data is then uploaded to the cloud service, where it remains encrypted at rest. The encryption keys are never shared with the cloud service provider or any third party, and they are only used by the client to decrypt the data when needed. This way, the client can maintain full control over the encryption keys and the security of the data, even when the data is stored on a public cloud service12.
The other options are not as optimal as option D for the following reasons:
A). Use the cloud service provider's encryption services but store keys on-premises: This option is not feasible because it contradicts the client's requirement of maintaining full control over the encryption keys. Using the cloud service provider's encryption services means that the client has to rely on the cloud service provider to generate and manage the encryption keys, even if the keys are stored on-premises. The cloud service provider may have access to the keys or the ability to decrypt the data, which may compromise the security and privacy of the data. Moreover, storing the keys on-premises may introduce additional challenges, such as key distribution, synchronization, backup, and recovery3.
B). Use the cloud service provider's default encryption and key management services: This option is not desirable because it violates the client's requirement of maintaining full control over the encryption keys.
Using the cloud service provider's default encryption and key management services means that the client has to trust the cloud service provider to encrypt and decrypt the data on the server-side, using the cloud service provider's own encryption keys and mechanisms. The cloud service provider may have access to the keys or the ability to decrypt the data, which may compromise the security and privacy of the data. Furthermore, the cloud service provider's default encryption and key management services may not meet the regulatory requirements or the security standards of the client4.
C). Rely on Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption for data at rest: This option is not sufficient because SSL encryption is not designed for data at rest, but for data in transit. SSL encryption is a protocol that encrypts the data as it travels over the internet between the client and the server, using certificates and keys that are exchanged and verified by both parties. SSL encryption can protect the data from being intercepted or modified by unauthorized parties, but it does not protect the data from being accessed or decrypted by the cloud service provider or any third party who has access to the server. Moreover, SSL encryption does not provide the client with any control over the encryption keys or the security of the data.
References:
1: Client-side encryption - Wikipedia
2: What is Client-Side Encryption? | Definition, Benefits & Best Practices | Kaspersky
3: Cloud Encryption Key Management: What You Need to Know | Thales
4: Cloud Encryption: How It Works and How to Use It | Comparitech
5: What is SSL Encryption and How Does it Work? | Norton
NEW QUESTION # 412
You have been hired as an intern at a start-up company. Your first task is to help set up a basic web server for the company's new website. The team leader has asked you to make sure the server is secure from common - threats. Based on your knowledge from studying for the CEH exam, which of the following actions should be your priority to secure the web server?
A. Encrypting the company's website with SSL/TLS
B. Installing a web application firewall
C. limiting the number of concurrent connections to the server
D. Regularly updating and patching the server software
Answer: D
Explanation:
One of the most important actions to secure a web server from common threats is to regularly update and patch the server software. This includes the operating system, the web server software, the database software, and any other applications or frameworks that run on the server. Updating and patching the server software can fix known vulnerabilities, bugs, or errors that could be exploited by attackers to compromise the server or the website. Failing to update and patch the server software can expose the server to common attacks, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, remote code execution, denial-of-service, etc.
Installing a web application firewall, limiting the number of concurrent connections to the server, and encrypting the company's website with SSL/TLS are also good practices to secure a web server, but they are not as critical as updating and patching the server software. A web application firewall can filter and block malicious requests, but it cannot prevent attacks that exploit unpatched vulnerabilities in the server software.
Limiting the number of concurrent connections to the server can prevent overload and improve performance, but it cannot stop attackers from sending malicious requests or payloads. Encrypting the company's website with SSL/TLS can protect the data in transit between the server and the client, but it cannot protect the data at rest on the server or prevent attacks that target the server itself.
Therefore, the priority action to secure a web server from common threats is to regularly update and patch the server software.
References:
* Web Server Security- Beginner's Guide - Astra Security Blog
* Top 10 Web Server Security Best Practices | Liquid Web
* 21 Server Security Tips & Best Practices To Secure Your Server - phoenixNAP
NEW QUESTION # 413
......
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