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[General] Quiz Nursing - AANP-FNP - High Pass-Rate Training AANP Family Nurse Practitioner

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【General】 Quiz Nursing - AANP-FNP - High Pass-Rate Training AANP Family Nurse Practitioner

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Nursing AANP Family Nurse Practitioner (AANP-FNP) Sample Questions (Q49-Q54):NEW QUESTION # 49
The FNP has diagnosed a patient as having herpes keratitis. He refers the patient to an ophthalmologist. The FNP understands that the ophthalmologist will treat the patient with which of the following?
  • A. steroid ophthalmic drops
  • B. support therapy only
  • C. Acyclovir
  • D. none of the above
Answer: C
Explanation:
Herpes keratitis is an eye infection caused by the herpes simplex virus, affecting the cornea and leading to inflammation and potential vision problems if not treated appropriately. The Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) has referred the patient to an ophthalmologist after diagnosing this condition, indicating that specialized eye care is needed.
The appropriate and commonly prescribed treatment for herpes keratitis involves antiviral medications, specifically Acyclovir or Valacyclovir. These medications are effective in managing herpes simplex virus infections. They work by inhibiting the replication of the virus, thereby reducing the severity of the infection and promoting healing of the corneal epithelium. These drugs are typically administered orally and can be dosed twice daily (BID), depending on the severity of the infection and the specific healthcare provider's recommendations.
It is crucial to avoid the use of steroid ophthalmic drops in the treatment of herpes keratitis unless specifically indicated and managed by an ophthalmologist. Steroids can exacerbate viral infections by suppressing the immune response, potentially leading to a worsening of the condition. Their use might increase the risk of the virus spreading deeper into the corneal layers or becoming more severe, which can complicate the healing process and lead to further complications, including potential vision loss.
Therefore, the correct treatment approach, as recognized by the ophthalmologist, would be the use of antiviral therapy with medications like Acyclovir or Valacyclovir until the resolution of the active infection. This targeted approach helps manage the viral aspect of the infection effectively, promoting recovery while minimizing risks associated with inappropriate treatments such as steroid drops.

NEW QUESTION # 50
When taking a patient's past medical history you would ask about all of the following EXCEPT:
  • A. TB test
  • B. dietary patterns
  • C. surgeries
  • D. childhood and adult illnesses
Answer: B
Explanation:
When taking a patient's past medical history, the healthcare provider generally focuses on gathering information that directly pertains to the patient's medical conditions, treatments, and overall health status. This typically includes inquiries about:
**Childhood and Adult Illnesses:** Understanding a patient's history of illnesses, both in childhood and adulthood, is crucial. This information helps in recognizing patterns of chronic or genetic diseases and provides insights into potential future health risks or ongoing management of existing conditions.
**TB Test:** Information about tuberculosis tests is relevant as TB is a critical infectious disease with potential long-term health implications. Knowing whether a patient has been tested, and the results of those tests, can significantly affect clinical decisions, especially in managing immunocompromised patients or those with symptoms of tuberculosis.
**Surgeries:** Knowledge of any past surgical interventions provides insights into the patient's medical history and can impact future healthcare decisions. Details of surgical history, including the type of surgeries and their outcomes, are essential for a comprehensive understanding of a patient's current health status and potential complications.
**Dietary Patterns:** Although knowing a patient's dietary habits can be helpful, especially in the context of nutritional assessments or chronic diseases management (like diabetes or heart diseases), it is typically not part of the core past medical history. Dietary patterns are usually discussed within the scope of a psychosocial history, which examines lifestyle factors and social determinants of health that can influence a patient's well-being. This includes the patient's eating habits, exercise routines, and other lifestyle choices. In summary, while childhood and adult illnesses, TB tests, and surgeries are integral components of a patient's past medical history, dietary patterns are generally classified under psychosocial history. This distinction is important for organizing the patient interview and ensuring that the most relevant information is gathered efficiently to inform medical decision-making.

NEW QUESTION # 51
The nurse practitioner will often have to treat systemic anaphylaxis. What is the most common clinical manifestation of this?
  • A. urticaria
  • B. headache
  • C. nausea and vomiting
  • D. persistent vertigo
Answer: A
Explanation:
The most common clinical manifestation of systemic anaphylaxis is urticaria. Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly after exposure to an allergen. It is a systemic immune response that is typically mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE), which is a type of antibody that the immune system produces in response to what it mistakenly considers a harmful substance.
Urticaria, also known as hives, is characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and raised welts on the skin. These welts can vary in size and shape and can appear anywhere on the body. The development of urticaria during anaphylaxis is due to the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils. Histamine increases the permeability of the blood vessels, leading to fluid leakage from the capillaries into the tissues, which presents as swelling and welts on the skin.
In addition to urticaria, other common symptoms of anaphylaxis include angioedema (swelling similar to hives but occurring deeper in the skin), widespread vasodilation (which can lead to a rapid drop in blood pressure and fainting), and bronchoconstriction (narrowing of the airways in the lungs, leading to wheezing and difficulty breathing). These symptoms together constitute a serious medical emergency that typically requires immediate treatment.
The treatment for anaphylaxis generally involves the administration of epinephrine (adrenaline), which can rapidly reverse the symptoms by decreasing vasodilation, increasing cardiac output, and relieving bronchoconstriction. It is crucial for healthcare providers, including nurse practitioners, to quickly recognize the signs of anaphylaxis and administer appropriate treatment to prevent severe complications or death.
Given the acute and severe nature of anaphylaxis, awareness of its most common manifestations, such as urticaria, and readiness to provide rapid treatment are essential components of effective healthcare management for this condition.

NEW QUESTION # 52
A mother brings a 21-month-old Asian-American female child into the office. The chief complaint is abdominal pain with flatulence and diarrhea after eating. Up until 3 months ago, she was being breast-fed twice a day. The nurse practitioner suspects:
  • A. Hirschsprung's disease
  • B. food allergy
  • C. irritable bowel syndrome
  • D. lactose intolerance
Answer: D
Explanation:
Lactose intolerance is a common digestive problem where the body is unable to digest lactose, a type of sugar mainly found in milk and dairy products. In the case of the 21-month-old Asian-American child presented, the symptoms of abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea after eating are highly suggestive of this condition. It is important to note that lactose intolerance can develop after a person significantly decreases their consumption of dairy, such as after weaning off breast milk, which aligns with the child's history.
Statistically, lactose intolerance has a higher prevalence among people of Asian descent. This is due to a higher likelihood of lactase deficiency, the enzyme needed to properly digest lactose, in this population. The primary symptoms that were reported - bloating, flatulence, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea - occur as undigested lactose passes through the intestines and is fermented by bacteria, producing gas and drawing extra water into the bowel.
In contrast, other conditions such as food allergies, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and Hirschsprung's disease present differently. Food allergies in young children are indeed common but typically manifest with symptoms like angioedema, flushing, hives, and throat itching. None of these have been reported in this child. Additionally, while IBS does affect bowel habits, it usually presents later in life and features a mix of constipation and diarrhea. Hirschsprung's disease, a congenital condition more prevalent in males, involves missing nerve cells in parts of the colon leading to severe constipation, which is not consistent with the symptoms described.
Given the child's background, recent dietary history, and symptomatology, lactose intolerance is the most likely diagnosis. To confirm this, a lactose tolerance test or a hydrogen breath test may be conducted. Management typically involves dietary modifications to limit or eliminate lactose-containing foods, which often leads to symptom resolution. In some cases, lactase enzyme supplements may be recommended to aid in the digestion of lactose when consuming dairy products.

NEW QUESTION # 53
When treating a female patient with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection but otherwise healthy, the nurse practitioner knows that the preferred therapy is:
  • A. amoxicillin
  • B. nitrofurantoin
  • C. azithromycin
  • D. cephalexin
Answer: B
Explanation:
When treating a female patient with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) who is otherwise healthy, the preferred antibiotic therapy is nitrofurantoin. This preference is based on its efficacy, mode of action, and the typical causative agents of UTIs.
Nitrofurantoin is specifically effective against the most common pathogens responsible for uncomplicated UTIs, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. It works by entering the bacterial cells and damaging their DNA, which ultimately stops their growth and leads to the elimination of the infection. This mechanism of action is particularly advantageous because it is less likely to contribute to antibiotic resistance compared to broader-spectrum antibiotics.
Amoxicillin, while used in the treatment of various bacterial infections, is generally not preferred for uncomplicated UTIs in otherwise healthy women due to its broader spectrum of activity and higher potential for resistance. Azithromycin is primarily effective against a different set of bacterial pathogens typically not associated with uncomplicated UTIs. Cephalexin can be used as an alternative in cases where nitrofurantoin is contraindicated or not tolerated by the patient, but it is not the first choice.
The specific choice of nitrofurantoin as the preferred therapy for uncomplicated UTIs in otherwise healthy women is also supported by its pharmacokinetic properties. It achieves high concentrations in the urine, which enhances its effectiveness at the site of infection. Additionally, its limited systemic absorption minimizes side effects and reduces the risk of disturbing the body's natural microbial flora.
In summary, when treating uncomplicated UTIs in otherwise healthy female patients, nitrofurantoin is preferred due to its effective targeting of common urinary pathogens, its mechanism that reduces the risk of resistance, and its favorable pharmacokinetic properties that concentrate the drug in the urinary tract, maximizing efficacy while minimizing systemic effects.

NEW QUESTION # 54
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