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無料PDFHashiCorp HCVA0-003資格認定試験は主要材料 &実用的なHCVA0-003: HashiCorp Certified: Vau
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HashiCorp HCVA0-003 認定試験の出題範囲:| トピック | 出題範囲 | | トピック 1 | - Encryption as a Service: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cryptography Specialists and focuses on Vault’s encryption capabilities. Candidates will learn how to encrypt and decrypt secrets using the transit secrets engine, as well as perform encryption key rotation. These concepts ensure secure data transmission and storage, protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.
| | トピック 2 | - Vault Architecture Fundamentals: This section of the exam measures the skills of Site Reliability Engineers and provides an overview of Vault's core encryption and security mechanisms. It covers how Vault encrypts data, the sealing and unsealing process, and configuring environment variables for managing Vault deployments efficiently. Understanding these concepts is essential for maintaining a secure Vault environment.
| | トピック 3 | - Vault Policies: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Security Architects and covers the role of policies in Vault. Candidates will understand the importance of policies, including defining path-based policies and capabilities that control access. The section explains how to configure and apply policies using Vault’s CLI and UI, ensuring the implementation of secure access controls that align with organizational needs.
| | トピック 4 | - Authentication Methods: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Engineers and covers authentication mechanisms in Vault. It focuses on defining authentication methods, distinguishing between human and machine authentication, and selecting the appropriate method based on use cases. Candidates will learn about identities and groups, along with hands-on experience using Vault's API, CLI, and UI for authentication. The section also includes configuring authentication methods through different interfaces to ensure secure access.
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HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate (003)Exam 認定 HCVA0-003 試験問題 (Q257-Q262):質問 # 257
Which of the following cannot define the maximum time-to-live (TTL) for a token?
- A. By the client system f credentials leaking
- B. By the authentication method t natively provide a method of expiring credentials
- C. System max TTL
- D. By the mount endpoint configuration very password used
- E. A parent token TTL e password rotation tools and practices
正解:A
解説:
The maximum time-to-live (TTL) for a token is defined by the lowest value among the following factors:
* The authentication method that issued the token. Each auth method can have a default and a maximum TTL for the tokens it generates. These values can be configured by the auth method's mount options or by the auth method's specific endpoints.
* The mount endpoint configuration that the token is accessing. Each secrets engine can have a default and a maximum TTL for the leases it grants. These values can be configured by the secrets engine's mount options or by the secrets engine's specific endpoints.
* A parent token TTL. If a token is created by another token, it inherits the remaining TTL of its parent token, unless the parent token has an infinite TTL (such as the root token).A child token cannot outlive its parent token.
* System max TTL. This is a global limit for all tokens and leases in Vault. It can be configured by the system backend's max_lease_ttl option.
The client system that uses the token cannot define the maximum TTL for the token, as this is determined by Vault's configuration and policies. The client system can only request a specific TTL for the token, but this request is subject to the limits imposed by the factors above.
https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/tokens3,
https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/concepts/lease2,
https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/auth/tune4,
https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/secrets/tune5,
https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/commands/token/create6
質問 # 258
Before the following command can be run to encrypt data, what (three) commands must be run to enable and configure the transit secrets engine in Vault? (Select three) text CollapseWrapCopy
$ vault write transit/encrypt/vendor
plaintext="aGFzaGljb3JwIGNlcnRpZmllZA=="
- A. vault write transit/encrypt/vendor
- B. vault write -f transit/keys/vendor
- C. base64 <<< "hashicorp certified"
- D. vault secrets list
- E. vault secrets enable transit
正解:B、C、E
解説:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
To encrypt data using the Transit secrets engine, it must be enabled and configured. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: "Enable the Transit secrets engine at the default path of 'transit' using the command vault secrets enable transit. Create an encryption key called 'vendor' using the command vault write -f transit
/keys/vendor. Encode the string using base-64 encoding by using the command base64 <<< 'hashicorp certified'." These steps are prerequisites for the given vault write transit/encrypt/vendor command:
* A (base64 <<< "hashicorp certified"): The docs note, "All plaintext data must be base64-encoded.
The reason for this requirement is that Vault does not require that the plaintext is 'text'. It could be a binary file such as a PDF or image. The easiest safe transport mechanism for this data as part of a JSON payload is to base64-encode it." The provided plaintext aGFzaGljb3JwIGNlcnRpZmllZA== is the base64 encoding of "hashicorp certified."
* D (vault secrets enable transit): "Before you can use the transit secrets engine, it must be enabled with vault secrets enable transit at the default path 'transit/'."
* E (vault write -f transit/keys/vendor): "An encryption key must be created before encryption can occur. Use vault write -f transit/keys/vendor to generate a key named 'vendor'." Bis the target command, not a prerequisite.C (vault secrets list)lists engines but doesn't configure Transit.
Thus, A, D, and E are correct.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Transit Secrets Engine
質問 # 259
To secure your applications, your organization uses certificates generated by a public CA. However, this strategy has proven expensive and you have to revoke certificates even though they have additional time left.
What Vault plugin can be used to quickly generate X.509 certificates to secure your internal applications?
- A. PKI secrets engine
- B. Identity secrets engine
- C. SSH secrets engine
- D. Transit secrets engine
正解:A
解説:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
The PKI secrets engine in Vault generates dynamic X.509 certificates, acting as a certificate authority (CA) or intermediate CA. It allows quick, cost-effective certificate creation for internal applications, with configurable TTLs and revocation capabilities, avoiding reliance on expensive public CAs. For example, vault write pki
/issue/<role> generates a certificate instantly. The Identity engine (A) manages identities, not certificates. The SSH engine (C) handles SSH credentials, not X.509. The Transit engine (D) is for encryption, not certificate generation. The PKI docs highlight its suitability for this use case.
References:
PKI Secrets Engine Docs
PKI Tutorial
質問 # 260
Holly has discovered that a highly privileged dynamic credential with a very long lease time was created, which could negatively impact the organization's security. What command can Holly use to invalidate the credential so it can't be used without affecting other credentials?
- A. vault lease revoke aws/creds/admin/27e1b9a1-27b8-83d9-9fe0-d99d786bdc83
- B. vault lease revoke -all
- C. vault lease revoke aws/creds/admin/*
- D. Holly would need to delete the credential on the cloud platform directly
正解:A
解説:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
To invalidate a specific dynamic credential without affecting others, Holly should use the vault lease revoke command with the exact lease ID. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: "The lease revoke command revokes the lease on a secret, invalidating the underlying secret. To revoke a lease, you can specify the path and lease ID attached to the creds." The command vault lease revoke aws/creds/admin/27e1b9a1-27b8-83d9-
9fe0-d99d786bdc83 targets the specific credential by its unique lease ID, ensuring precision without broader impact.
Deleting the credential on the cloud platform (B) doesn't guarantee Vault recognizes it as revoked. vault lease revoke -all (C) revokes all leases, affecting unrelated credentials. vault lease revoke aws/creds/admin/* (D) revokes all leases under that path, potentially impacting other valid credentials. Thus, A is the correct command.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Lease Revoke Command
質問 # 261
When creating a policy, an error was thrown:

Which statement describes the fix for this issue?
- A. You cannot have a wildcard (" * ") in the path
- B. sudo is not a capability
- C. Replace write with create in the capabilities list
正解:C
解説:
The error was thrown because the policy code contains an invalid capability, "write". The valid capabilities for a policy are "create", "read", "update", "delete", "list", and "sudo". The "write" capability is not recognized by Vault and should be replaced with "create", which allows creating new secrets or overwriting existing ones. The other statements are not correct, because the wildcard (*) and the sudo capability are both valid in a policy. The wildcard matches any number of characters within a path segment, and the sudo capability allows performing certain operations that require root privileges.
:
[Policy Syntax | Vault | HashiCorp Developer]
[Policy Syntax | Vault | HashiCorp Developer]
質問 # 262
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