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[Hardware] Sample Linux Foundation CKS Questions, Pass CKS Guarantee

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【Hardware】 Sample Linux Foundation CKS Questions, Pass CKS Guarantee

Posted at 7 hour before      View：1 | Replies：0        Print      Only Author   [Copy Link] 1#
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To be eligible for the CKS certification exam, candidates must have a current and active Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) certification. This ensures that the candidate has a strong foundation in Kubernetes and containerization and is prepared to take on the advanced security topics covered in the CKS exam. Candidates must also have a minimum of two years of experience in Kubernetes and containerization.
The CKS certification exam is intended for professionals who have a solid understanding of Kubernetes architecture and security concepts. It is also ideal for those who are responsible for securing Kubernetes clusters in their organizations. CKS Exam covers various topics, including Kubernetes installation and configuration, network security, access management, and Kubernetes cluster hardening. CKS exam is designed to test the candidate’s ability to identify and mitigate security threats in a Kubernetes environment.
The CKS exam is designed for professionals who have experience in Kubernetes administration and are familiar with container security concepts. CKS exam covers a wide range of topics related to Kubernetes security, including securing cluster components, securing container images, securing network communication, and securing Kubernetes API.
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Linux Foundation Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) Sample Questions (Q55-Q60):NEW QUESTION # 55
SIMULATION
Before Making any changes build the Dockerfile with tag base:v1
Now Analyze and edit the given Dockerfile(based on ubuntu 16:04)
Fixing two instructions present in the file, Check from Security Aspect and Reduce Size point of view.
Dockerfile:
FROM ubuntu:latest
RUN apt-get update -y
RUN apt install nginx -y
COPY entrypoint.sh /
RUN useradd ubuntu
ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint.sh"]
USER ubuntu
entrypoint.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello from CKS"
After fixing the Dockerfile, build the docker-image with the tag base:v2 To Verify: Check the size of the image before and after the build.
  • A. Send us the Feedback on it.
Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 56
You are running a Kubernetes cluster with a deployment named "my-app" that uses a container image from a public registry. You suspect that a recent deployment update may have introduced a vulnerability in one of the containers. You want to apply a security patch to the container image Without rebuilding it. Explain now you would implement this using a container patching tool like 'kpatch' and update the deployment.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Install 'kpatch'
- Install the 'kpatch' tool on your system or within your Kubernetes cluster. 'kpatch' is a utility for patching running Linux kernels and user-space programs without rebuilding them.
2. Identify the Vulnerable Library:
- Use a vulnerability scanner like Trivy to identify the specific vulnerable library within the container image.
3. Patch the Vulnerable Library:
- Use 'kpatch' to apply the security patch to the vulnerable library within the running container.
- You can use the 'kpatch apply' command with the patch file and the containers process ID to apply the patch.
4. Update the Deployment
- While 'kpatch' allows for patching running containers, it's important to note that the patch will be lost when the container restarts. To ensure persistence, you need to update the deployment to use a patched container image:
- Obtain a patched version of the container image from a trusted source or build your own patched image.
- Update the "my-app" deployment configuration to pull the patched image from your registry.
5. Validate the Patch:
- After updating the deployment, verify that the patch has been successfully applied by running a vulnerability scan on the running container.

NEW QUESTION # 57
SIMULATION
Given an existing Pod named nginx-pod running in the namespace test-system, fetch the service-account-name used and put the content in /candidate/KSC00124.txt Create a new Role named dev-test-role in the namespace test-system, which can perform update operations, on resources of type namespaces.
Create a new RoleBinding named dev-test-role-binding, which binds the newly created Role to the Pod's ServiceAccount ( found in the Nginx pod running in namespace test-system).
  • A. Sendusyourfeedbackonit
Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 58
You are tasked with hardening a Kubernetes cluster to meet the requirements of the CIS Kubernetes Bencnmark. One of the key areas is to implement proper access control and authentication. You need to create a strong authentication mechanism that uses client certificates for authentication, while also using RBAC to define specific roles and permissions for different users.
How would you set up a strong authentication mechanism using client certificates for authentication and configure R8AC to define specific roles and permissions for different users, to comply With the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark?
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Generate Client Certificates:
- use a tool like 'ctssr to generate client certificates for each user who needs access to the cluster.
- Create a separate certificate authority (CA) to issue these Client certificates.
- For each user, create a certificate signing request (CSR) and use the CA to sign the CSR to generate the client certificate and private key.
2. Configure Kubernetes API Server:
- Modify the Kubernetes API server configuration (e.g., '/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml') to enable client certificate authentication:
- Set '--client-ca-file' to the path of the CA certificate.
- Set '--tls-cen-file' to the path of the API server certificate.
- Set '--tls-private-key-files to the path of the API server private key.

3. Define RBAC Roles: - Use 'kubectr to create RBAC roles for different user groups. - Define roles that map to specific permissions. For example. - 'admin': Full access to the cluster - 'developers: Ability to create and manage resources, but not access sensitive information. - 'viewer': Only able to view resources.

4. Bind Roles to Users: - Create RoleBindings that link the roles to the users who need access to them. - Use the client certificate and private key to authenticate as the user and bind the appropriate role. - You can bind roles to users individually or to groups. 5. Configure 'kubectr' - Configure the 'kubectr command-line tool to use client certificates for authentication. - Set the 'KI-IBECONFIG' environment variable to point to a file containing the client certificate and private key. - Run 'kubectl config set-credentials -client-key -client-certificate to configure the user with the certificate. 6. Verify Configuration: - Test that the configuration works by logging in as different users and verifying that they have the expected permissions.

NEW QUESTION # 59
SIMULATION
Context
For testing purposes, the kubeadm provisioned cluster 's API server
was configured to allow unauthenticated and unauthorized access.
Task
First, secure the cluster 's API server configuring it as follows:
. Forbid anonymous authentication
. Use authorization mode Node,RBAC
. Use admission controller NodeRestriction
The cluster uses the Docker Engine as its container runtime . If needed, use the docker command to troubleshoot running containers.
kubectl is configured to use unauthenticated and unauthorized access. You do not have to change it, but be aware that kubectl will stop working once you have secured the cluster .
You can use the cluster 's original kubectl configuration file located at etc/kubernetes/admin.conf to access the secured cluster.
Next, to clean up, remove the ClusterRoleBinding
system:anonymous.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Explanation below for complete solution
Explanation:
1) SSH to control-plane node
ssh cks000002
sudo -i
2) Edit API Server static pod manifest
API server in kubeadm runs as a static pod.
vi /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
3) Apply required API Server security settings
3.1 Forbid anonymous authentication
Find command: section and ensure this line exists:
- --anonymous-auth=false
3.2 Use authorization mode Node,RBAC
Ensure exactly this line exists (and no AlwaysAllow):
- --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC
❌ Remove if present:
- --authorization-mode=AlwaysAllow
3.3 Enable admission controller NodeRestriction
Find --enable-admission-plugins and ensure NodeRestriction is included.
Correct example:
- --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction
If other plugins already exist, append NodeRestriction, e.g.:
- --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,ServiceAccount,NodeRestriction
4) Save file and let kubelet restart API server
Just save and exit (:wq)
Kubelet will automatically restart the API server pod.
5) Switch kubectl to secured config
Current kubectl will stop working after API server hardening.
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
Verify access:
kubectl get nodes
6) Remove insecure ClusterRoleBinding
Delete system:anonymous binding:
kubectl delete clusterrolebinding system:anonymous
Verify removal:
kubectl get clusterrolebinding | grep anonymous
(no output = correct)
7) Quick validation (optional but fast)
API server flags check:
grep -n "anonymous-auth" /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
grep -n "authorization-mode" /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml grep -n "NodeRestriction" /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml

NEW QUESTION # 60
......
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