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[General] CTFL_Syll_4.0 - Pass-Sure ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Re

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【General】 CTFL_Syll_4.0 - Pass-Sure ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Re

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ISQI ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Sample Questions (Q130-Q135):NEW QUESTION # 130
Which of the following statements about white-box test techniques is true?
  • A. Branch coverage is the most thorough code-related white-box test technique, and therefore applicable standards prescribe achieving full branch coverage at the highest safety levels for safety-critical systems
  • B. Achieving full statement coverage and full branch coverage for a software product means that such software product has been fully tested and there are no remaining bugs within the code
  • C. Code-related white-box test techniques provide an objective measure of coverage and can be used to complement black-box test techniques to increase confidence in the code
  • D. Code-related white-box test techniques are not required to measure the actual code coverage achieved by black-box testing, as code coverage can be measured using the coverage criteria associated with black-box test techniques
Answer: C
Explanation:
This answer is correct because code-related white-box test techniques are test design techniques that use the structure of the code to derive test cases. They provide an objective measure of coverage, such as statement coverage, branch coverage, or path coverage, which indicate how much of the code has been exercised by the test cases. Code-related white-box test techniques can be used to complement black-box test techniques, which are test design techniques that use the functional or non-functional requirements of the system or component to derive test cases. By combining both types of techniques, testers can increase their confidence in the code and find more defects. Reference: ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.3.2.2

NEW QUESTION # 131
Confirmation testing is performed after:
  • A. a defect is fixed, and if such testing is successful then the regression tests that are relevant for such fix can be executed
  • B. a defect is fixed and after other tests do not find any side-effect introduced in the software as a result of such fix
  • C. a failed test, and aims to run that test again to confirm that the same behavior still occurs and thus appears to be reproducible
  • D. the execution of an automated regression test suite to confirm the absence of false positives in the test results
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Confirmation testing is performed after a defect is fixed, and if such testing is successful then the regression tests that are relevant for such fix can be executed. Confirmation testing, also known as re-testing, is the process of verifying that a defect has been resolved by running the test case that originally detected the defect.
Confirmation testing is usually done before regression testing, which is the process of verifying that no new defects have been introduced in the software as a result of changes or fixes. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.
References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.01, Section 2.4.1, page 28; ISTQB Glossary v4.02, page 15.

NEW QUESTION # 132
The fact that defects are usually not evenly distributed among the various modules that make up a software application, but rather their distribution tend to reflect the Pareto principle:
  • A. is expressed by the testing principle referred to as 'Defects cluster together'
  • B. is expressed by the testing principle referred to as 'Bug prediction'
  • C. is a false myth
  • D. is expressed by the testing principle referred to as Tests wear out'
Answer: A
Explanation:
The fact that defects are usually not evenly distributed among the various modules that make up a software application, but rather their distribution tend to reflect the Pareto principle, is expressed by the testing principle referred to as 'Defects cluster together'. This principle states that a small number of modules contain most of the defects detected, or that a small number of causes are responsible for most of the defects. This principle can be used to guide the test analysis and design activities, by prioritizing the testing of the most critical or risky modules, or by applying more rigorous test techniques to them. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
ISTQBCertified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.01, Section 1.2.1, page 11; ISTQBGlossary v4.
02, page 16.

NEW QUESTION # 133
During component testing of a program if 100% decision coverage is achieved, which of the following coverage criteria is also guaranteed to be 100%?
  • A. 100% Equivalence class coverage
  • B. 100% Boundary value coverage
  • C. 100% Statement coverage
  • D. 100% Stale transition coverage
Answer: C
Explanation:
Statement coverage is a structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of executable statements in the source code that are executed by a test suite1. Decision coverage is another structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of decision outcomes (such as branches or conditions) in the source code that are executed by a test suite1. Decision coverage is a stronger metric than statement coverage, because it requires that every possible outcome of each decision is tested, while statement coverage only requires that every statement is executed at least once2. Therefore, if a test suite achieves 100% decision coverage, it also implies that it achieves 100% statement coverage, because every statement in every branch or condition must have been executed. However, the converse is not true: 100% statement coverage does not guarantee 100% decision coverage, because some branches or conditions may have multiple outcomes that are not tested by the test suite2. For example, consider the following pseudocode:
if (x > 0) then print("Positive") else print("Non-positive") end if
A test suite that executes this code with x = 1 and x = -1 will achieve 100% statement coverage, because both print statements are executed. However, it will not achieve 100% decision coverage, because the condition x >
0 has only been tested with two outcomes: true and false. The third possible outcome, x = 0, has not been tested by the test suite. Therefore, the test suite may miss a potential bug or error in the condition or the branch.
The other options, such as stale transition coverage, equivalence class coverage, and boundary value coverage, are not guaranteed to be 100% by achieving 100% decision coverage. Stale transition coverage is a structural coverage metric that measures the percentage of transitions between states in a state machine that are executed by a test suite3. Equivalence class coverage is a functional coverage metric that measures the percentage of equivalence classes (or partitions) of input or output values that are tested by a test suite4. Boundary value coverage is another functional coverage metric that measures the percentage of boundary values (or extreme values) of input or output ranges that are tested by a test suite4. These metrics are independent of decision coverage, because they are based on different aspects of the system under test, such as its behavior, functionality, or specification. Therefore, achieving 100% decision coverage does not imply achieving 100% of any of these metrics, and vice versa. References = ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Test Coverage in Software Testing - Guru99, Structural Coverage Metrics - MATLAB & Simulink - MathWorks India, Test Design Coverage in Software Testing - GeeksforGeeks.

NEW QUESTION # 134
Your organization's test strategy states that it is desirable to usemore than one method for estimating test effort. You are responsible for estimating test effort for the next project. Based on historical data, the development-to-test effort ratiois5:3.
The initial estimate for thedevelopment effort is 450 person-days.
Which ONE of the following options corresponds to the estimatedtest effortusing the ratio-based method?
  • A. 180 person-days
  • B. 720 person-days
  • C. 270 person-days
  • D. 750 person-days
Answer: C
Explanation:
Theratio-based estimation methodrelies on historical relationships betweendevelopment and testing effort.
Using the given5:3 ratio:

Thus, the correct answer is270 person-days (D).
* (A) and (C) are incorrectas they overestimate the effort.
* (B) underestimates the testing effort based on the ratio.
Ratio-based estimationhelps allocate resources effectively based on past project data.
Reference:ISTQB CTFL v4.0 Syllabus, Section 5.1.4 - Effort Estimation in Testing

NEW QUESTION # 135
......
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