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[General] Valid ECCouncil 312-50v12 Exam Prep | 312-50v12 Latest Exam Review

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【General】 Valid ECCouncil 312-50v12 Exam Prep | 312-50v12 Latest Exam Review

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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam Sample Questions (Q110-Q115):NEW QUESTION # 110
An attacker scans a host with the below command. Which three flags are set?
# nmap -sX host.domain.com
  • A. This is Xmas scan. URG, PUSH and FIN are set.
  • B. This is SYN scan. SYN flag is set.
  • C. This is ACK scan. ACK flag is set.
  • D. This is Xmas scan. SYN and ACK flags are set.
Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 111
env x='(){ :;};echo exploit' bash -c 'cat/etc/passwd'
What is the Shellshock bash vulnerability attempting to do on a vulnerable Linux host?
  • A. Display passwd content to prompt
  • B. Removes the passwd file
  • C. Add new user to the passwd file
  • D. Changes all passwords in passwd
Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 112
Calvin, a grey-hat hacker, targets a web application that has design flaws in its authentication mechanism. He enumerates usernames from the login form of the web application, which requests users to feed data and specifies the incorrect field in case of invalid credentials. Later, Calvin uses this information to perform social engineering.
Which of the following design flaws in the authentication mechanism is exploited by Calvin?
  • A. Password reset mechanism
  • B. Insecure transmission of credentials
  • C. User impersonation
  • D. Verbose failure messages
Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 113
Insecure direct object reference is a type of vulnerability where the application does not verify if the user is authorized to access the internal object via its name or key. Suppose a malicious user Rob tries to get access to the account of a benign user Ned.
Which of the following requests best illustrates an attempt to exploit an insecure direct object reference vulnerability?
  • A. "GET /restricted/goldtransfer?to=Rob&from=1 or 1=1' HTTP/1.1Host: westbank.com"
  • B. "GET /restricted/%00account%00Ned%00access HTTP/1.1 Host: westbank.com"
  • C. "GET /restricted/accounts/?name=Ned HTTP/1.1 Host westbank.com"
  • D. "GET /restricted/ HTTP/1.1 Host: westbank.com
Answer: C
Explanation:
This question shows a classic example of an IDOR vulnerability. Rob substitutes Ned's name in the "name" parameter and if the developer has not fixed this vulnerability, then Rob will gain access to Ned's account. Below you will find more detailed information about IDOR vulnerability.
Insecure direct object references (IDOR) are a cybersecurity issue that occurs when a web application developer uses an identifier for direct access to an internal implementation object but provides no additional access control and/or authorization checks. For example, an IDOR vulnerability would happen if the URL of a transaction could be changed through client-side user input to show unauthorized data of another transaction.
Most web applications use simple IDs to reference objects. For example, a user in a database will usually be referred to via the user ID. The same user ID is the primary key to the database column containing user information and is generated automatically. The database key generation algorithm is very simple: it usually uses the next available integer. The same database ID generation mechanisms are used for all other types of database records.
The approach described above is legitimate but not recommended because it could enable the attacker to enumerate all users. If it's necessary to maintain this approach, the developer must at least make absolutely sure that more than just a reference is needed to access resources. For example, let's say that the web application displays transaction details using the following URL:
https://www.example.com/transaction.php?id=74656
A malicious hacker could try to substitute the id parameter value 74656 with other similar values, for example:
https://www.example.com/transaction.php?id=74657
The 74657 transaction could be a valid transaction belonging to another user. The malicious hacker should not be authorized to see it. However, if the developer made an error, the attacker would see this transaction and hence we would have an insecure direct object reference vulnerability.

NEW QUESTION # 114
Samuel a security administrator, is assessing the configuration of a web server. He noticed that the server permits SSlv2 connections, and the same private key certificate is used on a different server that allows SSLv2 connections. This vulnerability makes the web server vulnerable to attacks as the SSLv2 server can leak key information.
Which of the following attacks can be performed by exploiting the above vulnerability?
  • A. DUHK attack
  • B. DROWN attack
  • C. Padding oracle attack
  • D. Side-channel attack
Answer: B
Explanation:
DROWN is a serious vulnerability that affects HTTPS and other services that deem SSL and TLS, some of the essential cryptographic protocols for net security. These protocols allow everyone on the net to browse the net, use email, look on-line, and send instant messages while not third-parties being able to browse the communication.
DROWN allows attackers to break the encryption and read or steal sensitive communications, as well as passwords, credit card numbers, trade secrets, or financial data. At the time of public disclosure on March
2016, our measurements indicated thirty third of all HTTPS servers were vulnerable to the attack. fortuitously, the vulnerability is much less prevalent currently. As of 2019, SSL Labs estimates that one.2% of HTTPS servers are vulnerable.
What will the attackers gain?Any communication between users and the server. This typically includes, however isn't limited to, usernames and passwords, credit card numbers, emails, instant messages, and sensitive documents. under some common scenarios, an attacker can also impersonate a secure web site and intercept or change the content the user sees.
Who is vulnerable?Websites, mail servers, and other TLS-dependent services are in danger for the DROWN attack. At the time of public disclosure, many popular sites were affected. we used Internet-wide scanning to live how many sites are vulnerable:

SSLv2
Operators of vulnerable servers got to take action. there's nothing practical that browsers or end-users will do on their own to protect against this attack.
Is my site vulnerable?Modern servers and shoppers use the TLS encryption protocol. However, because of misconfigurations, several servers also still support SSLv2, a 1990s-era precursor to TLS. This support did not matter in practice, since no up-to-date clients really use SSLv2. Therefore, despite the fact that SSLv2 is thought to be badly insecure, until now, simply supporting SSLv2 wasn't thought of a security problem, is a clients never used it.
DROWN shows that merely supporting SSLv2 may be a threat to fashionable servers and clients. It modern associate degree attacker to modern fashionable TLS connections between up-to-date clients and servers by sending probes to a server that supports SSLv2 and uses the same private key.

SSLv2
* It allows SSLv2 connections. This is surprisingly common, due to misconfiguration and inappropriate default settings.
* Its private key is used on any other serverthat allows SSLv2 connections, even for another protocol.
Many companies reuse the same certificate and key on their web and email servers, for instance. In this case, if the email server supports SSLv2 and the web server does not, an attacker can take advantage of the email server to break TLS connections to the web server.
A server is vulnerable to DROWN if:SSLv2
How do I protect my server?To protect against DROWN, server operators need to ensure that their private keys software used anyplace with server computer code that enables SSLv2 connections. This includes net servers, SMTP servers, IMAP and POP servers, and the other software that supports SSL/TLS.
Disabling SSLv2 is difficult and depends on the particular server software. we offer instructions here for many common products:
OpenSSL: OpenSSL may be a science library employed in several server merchandise. For users of OpenSSL, the simplest and recommended solution is to upgrade to a recent OpenSSL version. OpenSSL 1.0.2 users ought to upgrade to 1.0.2g. OpenSSL 1.0.1 users ought to upgrade to one.0.1s. Users of older OpenSSL versions ought to upgrade to either one in every of these versions. (Updated March thirteenth, 16:00 UTC) Microsoft IIS (Windows Server): Support for SSLv2 on the server aspect is enabled by default only on the OS versions that correspond to IIS 7.0 and IIS seven.5, particularly Windows scene, Windows Server 2008, Windows seven and Windows Server 2008R2. This support is disabled within the appropriate SSLv2 subkey for 'Server', as outlined in KB245030. albeit users haven't taken the steps to disable SSLv2, the export-grade and 56-bit ciphers that build DROWN possible don't seem to be supported by default.
Network Security Services (NSS): NSS may be a common science library designed into several server merchandise. NSS versions three.13 (released back in 2012) and higher than ought to have SSLv2 disabled by default. (A little variety of users might have enabled SSLv2 manually and can got to take steps to disable it.) Users of older versions ought to upgrade to a more moderen version. we tend to still advocate checking whether or not your non-public secret is exposed elsewhere Other affected software and in operation systems:
Instructions and data for: Apache, Postfix, Nginx, Debian, Red Hat
Browsers and other consumers: practical nothing practical that net browsers or different client computer code will do to stop DROWN. only server operators ar ready to take action to guard against the attack.

NEW QUESTION # 115
......
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