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[General] 実際的なL4M3技術内容試験-試験の準備方法-権威のあるL4M3技術問題

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【General】 実際的なL4M3技術内容試験-試験の準備方法-権威のあるL4M3技術問題

Posted at 8 hour before      View：3 | Replies：0        Print      Only Author   [Copy Link] 1#
ちなみに、Jpexam L4M3の一部をクラウドストレージからダウンロードできます：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1Us5taNzsWjuLBZ82VmbNMrCEtirs0Zcs
最速の配送速度を保証できる最新のオペレーションシステムを当社にインストールしました。具体的には、購入後5〜10分以内にL4M3トレーニング資料をすぐに入手できます。同時に、支払いボタンを押すとすぐに、オペレーティングシステムによって個人情報が自動的に暗号化されます。つまり、を購入することを選択した場合、個人情報を心配する必要はありません。L4M3当社の試験対策。 L4M3ガイド資料：CIPS Commercial Contractingの学習に完全に専念できるように、お客様に不安を残さないことを目指しています。時間は誰も待っていないので、アイロンが熱いうちに打つことをお勧めします。
CIPS L4M3の認定資格は、商業契約における知識とスキルを向上させたい調達やサプライチェーンの専門家にとって貴重な資格です。それは、契約の法的・商業的側面を包括的に理解し、サプライヤーや他の外部の関係者との契約を効果的に交渉・管理するために必要なスキルを身につけるよう設計されています。
L4M3試験の準備方法｜高品質なL4M3技術内容試験｜素晴らしいCIPS Commercial Contracting技術問題L4M3練習資料には、オンラインでPDF、ソフトウェア、APPの3つの異なるバージョンがあります。 CIPSそして、L4M3学習教材は、その高い効率のために多くの時間を節約できます。 地下鉄またはバスでL4M3の実際のテストのオンラインバージョンを学習できます。 食事の準備をしているときに確認できます。 寝る前に勉強することができます。 同時に、APPバージョンのL4M3学習教材はオフライン学習をサポートしているため、ネットワークなしではCIPS Commercial Contracting学習する方法がない状況を回避できます。 なぜあなたはまだためらっていますか？ 来て買ってください！
CIPS L4M3認定試験は、調達プロフェッショナル、契約マネージャー、プロジェクトマネージャー、および法務プロフェッショナルなど、商業契約に関わる個人向けに設計されています。試験は3つのモジュールに分かれており、それぞれが商業契約の特定の側面に焦点を当てています。最初のモジュールでは、契約形成の基礎、契約の種類、契約条件、および契約履行について説明しています。2番目のモジュールでは、契約管理技術、パフォーマンス監視、および紛争解決を含む契約管理により詳しく説明しています。最後のモジュールは、契約の終了、契約完了手順、および契約後の評価に焦点を当てています。全体的に、CIPS L4M3認定試験は、商業契約のスキルと知識を向上させ、この分野でのキャリアを推進するための優れた方法です。
CIPS L4M3（CIPSコマーシャル契約）認証試験は、国際的に認識された認定であり、専門家に商業契約に必要な知識とスキルを装備するように設計されています。この認定は、調達およびサプライチェーン管理の分野で主要な専門団体の1つであるチャータードーシュレメントアンドサプライ研究所（CIPS）によって提供されています。 CIPS L4M3認定は、調達または契約管理のバックグラウンドを持ち、商業契約のスキルと知識を向上させようとしている専門家に最適です。
CIPS Commercial Contracting 認定 L4M3 試験問題 (Q67-Q72):質問 # 67
A manufacturing company signed a contract with a raw material supplier. The contract includes a clause on liquidated damages in case of late delivery. Purchaser was obliged to pay after 30 days from delivery. Eventually raw material was delivered 1 week later than initial plan due to supplier's slow production process. There is no defect in the delivered batch. Which of the following can be claimed by the manufacturing company?
  • A. Rights to refunds or repairs
  • B. Right of extending payment
  • C. Right of set-off
  • D. Right of third party
正解：C
解説：
In certain circumstances, where two parties have monetary debts against each other, the right to set-off may arise. A right of set-off allows a ("Party 1") to take into account the amount owed to it by the second party ("Party 2") against any amount owed by Party 1 to Party 2, each party must be a debtor and a creditor.
Common law provides the key features that must be present for set-off to arise are;
1. mutuality of debts (each party must be the sole beneficial owner of the debt it is owed and the sole person liable for the debt it owes)
2. the claims each party has must be for non-payment of money
The common law provisions of set-off can be greatly enhanced by the inclusion of a contractual right to set-off (this is discussed further below) so that set-off is applicable in a greater range of situations. If you envisage set-off being a useful right it is not advisable to rely on the implied ability to use it (via common law or equitable set-off). Common law and equitable set-off are subject to various conditions and limitation however, a contractual right of set-off can be drafted to ensure parties are able to agree exactly how and when set-off should be applied.
In the above scenario, the supplier owes the manufacturer the payment for damages, while the manufacturer owes the supplier the payment for goods. This is mutuality of debts, which leads to right of set off.
Reference:
- Set-off on the right foot: a practical guide to set-off
- CIPS study guide page 158-159
LO 3, AC 3.2

質問 # 68
Which of the following is the model form of contract for construction which is recommended by World Bank?
  • A. FIDIC
  • B. ITC
  • C. CIPS
  • D. JCT
正解：A
解説：
FIDIC is the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (or Federation Internationale des Ingenieurs Conseils in French). FIDIC has produced many publications, including the model form contracts, best practice guidances, research on sustainability, integrity and risk management. FIDIC model form contracts have been developed by this organisation since 1999, now they consist of several different books which are marked by colours. Thus, FIDIC model contracts also have the nickname "Rainbow suite of contracts". Basically, the
"Rainbow Suite" include the following books:
* Yellow book: Plant and Design-Build Contract (2 editions: 1999 and 2017)
* Silver book: EPC/Turnkey Contract (2 editions: 1999 and 2017)
* Red book: Construction Contracts (2 editions: 1999 and 2017)
* Emerald book: Conditions of Contract for Underground Works (1st Ed 2019)
* Blue-Green book: Dredgers Contract (2 editions: 2006 and 2016)
* Gold book: Design, Build and Operate Contract Guide
* Pink book: Construction Contract Multilateral Development Bank Harmonised Ed (2 editions: 2005 and
2010)
This type of model contract is commonly used around the world because its author, International Federation of Consulting Engineers, collaborates closely with development banks such as World Bank, Africa Development Bank, Asia Development Bank, etc. Every construction project that is financed by these institutions must adopt the FIDIC contracts.
The Joint Contracts Tribunal, also known as the JCT, produces standard forms of contract for construction, guidance notes and other standard documentation for use in the constructionindustry in the United Kingdom.
From its establishment in 1931, JCT has expanded the number of contributing organisations.
ITC (International Trade Centre) produces contracts specifically designed for small companies doing international business, covering the sale of goods, distribution, services and joint ventures. Many small companies are now engaged in international trade, but don't have access to the necessary contract forms to protect themselves. ITC and leading legal experts developed eight generic contract templates that incorporate internationally recognized standards and laws for most small business situations.
CIPS has several model forms of contract designed specifically for IT buying and servicing.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 142
LO 3, AC 3.1

質問 # 69
Which of the following is used to detail the complex matter that may be verbiage to the main document?
  • A. Subcontracting
  • B. Schedule
  • C. Standard terms and conditions
  • D. Contract variation
正解：B
解説：
Without further explanation, a schedule may be deemed to form an integral part of the obligations of either or both parties. Obviously, the scope or binding nature of such schedule depends on the way it is referred to in the obligatory language of the main agreement. Accordingly, merely attaching the general terms and conditions of sale without explaining to which part of the sale they apply or which provisions apply does not subject a sale pursuant to the body text of the agreement to those general terms and conditions.
Subcontracting is the practice of assigning, or outsourcing, part of the obligations and tasks under a contract to another party known as a subcontractor.
Reference:
- Schedules, annexes and exhibits
- CIPS study guide page 22-26
LO 1, AC 1.1

質問 # 70
If service level agreement is used as a schedule that makes up the contract, it will be most likely to be a part of...?
  • A. Exclusion of liabilities
  • B. Pricing arrangement
  • C. Performance management framework
  • D. Specifications
正解：C
解説：
If a service level agreement is used as a schedule to a contract, it will generally have the following contents:
- Service definitions. If the service information is provided by the specification, SLA should only refer to the specification to avoid any inconsistencies.
- Details on how to measure KPIs, who will measure KPIs
- Minimum requirements or targets
- Remedies if the minimum requirements are not met
...
Since SLA often lists out the KPI targets, consequences for not meeting the KPI targets and remedies to situation of poor performance, it is a part of performance management.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2

質問 # 71
Which of the following are likely to be advantages of using invitation to tender? Select TWO that apply:
  • A. Quick implementation
  • B. Driving forward planning culture
  • C. Short turnaround times
  • D. Reducing risks of bribery and corruption
  • E. Lower administration costs
正解：B、D
解説：
Advantages of using invitation to tender may be as below:
No Nepotism: Tenders or bids are evaluated on the basis of certain predetermined criteria, such as price, quality and value for money. In other words, the firm offering the highest quality product or service at the lowest price point would win the contract. As most tender documents are opened and evaluated in a public process, I think that there remains little room for nepotism or favoritism of any kind.
Value for Money: From the perspective of the client, tenders offer the greatest value for the amount of money spent. This is due to the fact that the client can choose from a wide pool of potential suppliers to select the ones that can produce the highest quality product or service at the lowest price point. This allows the company, establishment or organization to save money without having to compromise on quality. Therefore, despite being quite time consuming, tendering is, in my opinion, a profitable long-term process from an organization's point of view.
Encourages Competition: The process of tendering helps promote a competitive market. This is because a number of potential contractors, firms or suppliers get a chance to bid for every project. And because selection depends on quality and price, every bidder tries to reduce operational inefficiencies and redundancies as much as possible in order to lower expenses and improve quality. This entire process encourages healthy competition in the market and prevents complacency and laziness, which in turn provides a boost to innovation and new ideas.
Easier Entry: The system of tendering makes it easier and simpler for new firms to enter the market or even a particular industry. This is due to the fact that contracts under this system are awarded on the basis of predetermined, objective criteria. As a result, even a firm that is a new entrant to the market, having no connections or contacts in the industry, can win a prestigious and lucrative contract by providing the highest value for the client's money. This process therefore helps new firms to quickly get a foothold in the market or industry, thus significantly lowering the traditional barriers to entry.
Reference:
- Characteristics and Benefits of the Tendering Process
- CIPS study guide page 6-8
LO 1, AC 1.1

質問 # 72
......
L4M3技術問題: https://www.jpexam.com/L4M3_exam.html
無料でクラウドストレージから最新のJpexam L4M3 PDFダンプをダウンロードする：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1Us5taNzsWjuLBZ82VmbNMrCEtirs0Zcs
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