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[Hardware] CIPS L4M5 Exam Overviews Exam Instant Download | Updated Exam L4M5 Prep

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【Hardware】 CIPS L4M5 Exam Overviews Exam Instant Download | Updated Exam L4M5 Prep

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P.S. Free 2026 CIPS L4M5 dumps are available on Google Drive shared by Test4Engine: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1RHQJxwrpkbLN2e-auL8OZLjM5Ie8Y-Te
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CIPS L4M5 (Commercial Negotiation) Exam is an internationally recognized professional certification for individuals who want to advance their career in procurement and supply chain management. L4M5 exam is designed to test the knowledge and skills of candidates in commercial negotiation, a critical aspect of procurement that involves the process of bargaining, persuading and compromising with suppliers or customers to achieve a mutually beneficial outcome.
CIPS L4M5 Exam is a Level 4 qualification under the Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply (CIPS) program, which is considered as the leading global professional body for procurement and supply chain management. L4M5 exam is intended for individuals who have completed the CIPS L3M3 (Procurement Practice) or L3M5 (Advanced Certificate in Procurement and Supply Operations) qualifications or have equivalent experience in procurement and supply chain management.
Exam L4M5 Prep - Exam L4M5 TopicsYou have to know that a choice may affect your very long life. Our L4M5 guide quiz is willing to provide you with a basis for making judgments. You can download the trial version of our L4M5 practice prep first. After using it, you may have a better understanding of some of the advantages of L4M5 Exam Materials. We have three versions of our L4M5 learning quiz: the PDF, Software and APP online for you to choose.
CIPS Commercial Negotiation Sample Questions (Q196-Q201):NEW QUESTION # 196
Which of the following is the internal factor that is taken intoprice of a product?
  • A. Elasticity
  • B. Customer tastes
  • C. Exchange rate
  • D. Risk management
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
In order to answer this question, you should better consider each option:
'Exchange rate' is the value of one nation's currency versus thecurrency of another nation or economic zone.
This is a macroeconomic factor.
'Elasticity' refers to the degree to which individuals, consumers or producers change their demand or the amount supplied in response to price or income changes. This is a microeconomic factor Consumer tastes refer to the products and services that consumers consciously choose over others. Consumer tastes are so powerful that they can change how businesses conduct their activity. Like elasticity, this is also a microeconomic factor.
Among 4 options, only risk management is the internal factor. Risk pricing is a strategy applied by many companies in the world. To learn how to price the risk, you can read an article from McKinsey:
https://www.mckinsey.com/busines ... -risk-to-win-and-pr This is a question that a student met in her actual exam. The knowledge section is unknown.
LO: Unknown, AC: Unknown

NEW QUESTION # 197
An organisation is developing the specification for a capital purchase project. An important stakeholder has doubt on the draft specification. The buyer invites him to the product function meetings. In these meeting the attendees can raise their concerns, the specification development team takes in all the concerns and adjusts the specification accordingly. What kind of technique is the specification development team using?
  • A. Visionary
  • B. Directive
  • C. Persuasive reasoning
  • D. Coalition
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the scenario, anyone who has concerns can join a meeting to raise their thoughts. The project team takes the stakeholders' ideas into account. This isknown as coalition: A group of people or organisations come together and work collaboratively to achieve some goals. Specifically in this scenario, the goal is creating a high-quality and unified specification for an important project.

NEW QUESTION # 198
A skilled negotiator will use a range of questioning techniques in a negotiation. If they wished to explore options with the other party without making any formal commitment, which type of question style would they use?
  • A. Closed
  • B. Reflective
  • C. Leading
  • D. Hypothetical
Answer: D
Explanation:
Hypothetical questionsare used to explore scenarios or options without making a commitment. For example, asking "What if we were to increase the order volume?" encourages creative thinking and testing potential agreements without binding either party. This technique is valuable in theproposing and bargaining stagesof negotiation to explore trade-offs and build mutual solutions.
Reference: L4M5 Commercial Negotiation 2nd edition (CORE), Section 3.3 - Effective Questioning Techniques in Negotiation

NEW QUESTION # 199
Which of the following is a disadvantage of absorption costing method?
  • A. Variable costs are not taken into product final costs
  • B. Limited understanding of true costs incurred
  • C. Using marginal cost of producing addition units
  • D. Fixed cost allocated to products on the basis of the cost of activities used in producing them
Answer: B
Explanation:
Absorption costing is an approach to allocating overheads in which indirect costs are loaded or absorbed into direct costs related to specific jobs, processes or outputs, using an estimated basis of allocation.
Graphical user interface, text, chat or text message, website Description automatically generated

NEW QUESTION # 200
An oil refinery plant imports much of its crude oil from overseas. A procurement manager in the refinery suggests that fixing the crude oil contract price for 36 months would be beneficial for the company. Would this be a right thing to do?
  • A. No, fixed price should be only applied to contracts that last 60 months or longer
  • B. No, the refinery would not be able to reap the benefits from falling commodity price and currency rates
  • C. Yes, the supplier would bear the risk when the material price increased
  • D. Yes, financial budgeting task would be a lot easier with fixed pricing arrangement
Answer: B
Explanation:
Fixed price contract is the contract in which the price is static throughout the contract period. A fixed-price contract may give certainty to budget and simplify contract management. However, it may lead to other problems since it requires bidders to estimate and bear the financial risks associated with price escalations. If the estimates are too high or events do not materialize, the buyer will pay a steep price that may affect the economy and efficiency of the contract. In the worst case, it may mean that the bid price is then above budget and may lead to a reduction in the requirements or rebidding. If the estimates are too low, it may appear as an abnormally low bid and disrupt contract execution.
On the other hand, price adjustment provisions include formulas designed to address problems, and can protect both the borrower and contractors from price fluctuations. Price adjustment formulas allow contractors to offer more realistic prices at the time of bidding. Despite concerns that they may lead to budget uncertainties, price adjustment formulas will estimate the actual cost implications that will be encountered.
They use indexes that can be used for cost projection.
According to Asia Development Bank (ADB), any contract with a delivery or completion period beyond 18 months should contain an appropriate price adjustment clause.
In the scenario, the crude oil contract is planned to last 36 months. This period is pretty long with a fluctuating commodity. Therefore, the company should use price adjustment agreement.

NEW QUESTION # 201
......
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