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[General] CPHQ學習筆記 - CPHQ套裝

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【General】 CPHQ學習筆記 - CPHQ套裝

Posted at yesterday 17:53      View：19 | Replies：0        Print      Only Author   [Copy Link] 1#
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NAHQ CPHQ認證考試旨在評估負責確保醫療服務質量的醫療保健專業人員的知識和技能。該考試涵蓋了廣泛的主題，包括醫療保健提供系統，績效衡量和改進，患者安全，風險管理以及醫療保健法規和標準。
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最新的 CPHQ Certification CPHQ 免費考試真題 (Q400-Q405):問題 #400
The control chart above indicates which of the following?

  • A. Common cause variation
  • B. Special causevariation
  • C. Unique cause variation
  • D. No variation
答案：B
解題說明：
* Understanding Control Charts and Variation TypesControl charts are used to monitor process stability over time by identifying different types of variation. Variations on a control chart can generally be categorized as:
* Common Cause Variation: Random variation that is inherent to the process, typically within control limits.
* Special Cause Variation: Variation that is unusual, not inherent to the process, and suggests an external factor or a change in the process.
* Unique Cause Variation: This term is not commonly used in statistical process control; it likely refers to a special or unusual cause.
* No Variation: Indicates a completely stable process with no changes over time, which is rarely the case in practice.
* Interpreting the Control ChartThe control chart shows the rate of restraint hours per 1000 patient hours over time. Key indicators of special cause variation include:
* Data points outside the control limits (Upper Control Limit and Lower Control Limit).
* Patterns, such as runs of data points above or below the mean, or sudden shifts and spikes in data.
In this chart, we see several spikes (particularly in July and September of 2013 and again in October 2014) that reach or exceed the upper control limit. This suggests that certain events or changes in these periods caused the restraint hours to increase significantly, which is not due to the inherent process variation.
* Conclusion for the Correct AnswerSince the chart displays data points that go outside the control limits and exhibit unusual patterns, it is indicative of Special Cause Variation. This suggests external factors or specific changes in the facility process during those periods that require further investigation to determine the cause of the spikes.
References:
NAHQ Documentation on Control Charts and Process Variation
"Using Statistical Process Control to Monitor Quality Improvement in Healthcare" (NAHQ, 2019)

問題 #401
Which of the following is a healthcare quality professional's key responsibility for supporting organizational quality governance?
  • A. presenting regular financial updates to the organization's leaders
  • B. updating board members on key performance indicators
  • C. assessing the board's understanding of quality topics
  • D. deciding which quality initiatives will be set as priorities
答案：B
解題說明：
A healthcare quality professional's key responsibility in quality governance is updating board members on key performance indicators (KPIs) (B), such as infection rates or patient satisfaction, to support data-driven oversight. Assessing board understanding (A), presenting financial updates (C), or deciding priorities (D) are not primary roles. NAHQ prioritizes KPI reporting for governance.
NAHQ CPHQ Study Guide, Organizational Leadership Section, "Quality Governance and Board Reporting"; NAHQ Code of Practice, Principle 3: Information Management.

問題 #402
Care that does not vary in quality because of gender, ethnicity, geographic location, or socioeconomic status is said to be
  • A. Efficient
  • B. Effective
  • C. Evidence-based
  • D. Equitable
答案：D
解題說明：
The concept of care quality that remains consistent across diverse patient characteristics is rooted in the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) six aims for healthcare improvement, as outlined in Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001).
Option A (Efficient): Efficient care minimizes waste, not addressing variation across demographics.
Option B (Effective): Effective care delivers evidence-based results, not specifically ensuring consistency across groups.
Option C (Equitable): This is the correct answer. The NAHQ CPHQ study guide states, "Equitable care, as defined by the IOM, ensures quality does not vary due to gender, ethnicity, geographic location, or socioeconomic status" (Domain 4). Equity is one of the six IOM aims, focusing on fairness in care delivery.
Option D (Evidence-based): Evidence-based care relies on scientific evidence, not directly addressing demographic disparities.
CPHQ Objective Reference: Domain 4: Performance and Process Improvement, Objective 4.1, "Apply quality principles to care delivery," includes the IOM's equitable care aim. The NAHQ study guide notes,
"Equitable care ensures fairness across all patient populations" (Domain 4).
Rationale: Equitable care directly addresses consistent quality across diverse groups, aligning with CPHQ's improvement principles and IOM standards.
Reference: NAHQ CPHQ Study Guide, Domain 4: Performance and Process Improvement, Objective 4.1; IOM Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001).

問題 #403
The culture of safety survey data below is collected from perioperative services. Which action should the healthcare quality professional recommend?

  • A. Educate perioperative staff on how to submit incident reports.
  • B. Implement a leadership training series on Just Culture principles.
  • C. Establish a process for executive walk-arounds in the perioperative departments.
  • D. Develop a team-based communication training for perioperative staff.
答案：C
解題說明：
The culture of safety survey data provides insights into the perceptions of perioperative staff regarding patient safety practices, scored on a scale (typically 1 to 5, where 5 is the highest). The scores are as follows: hospital management's prioritization of safety (4), reporting mistakes without fear (4.83), discussing error prevention (4.67), and interdepartmental information exchange (4.24). The lowest score is 4 for the item "The actions of hospital management show that patient safety is a top priority," indicating a relative weakness in visible leadership commitment to safety, which is a critical component of a strong safety culture.
According to NAHQ CPHQ study materials, a key principle of a culture of safety is the visible commitment of leadership to patient safety, as it sets the tone for the organization and influences staff behavior. The score of 4 suggests that while staff perceive some prioritization, there is room for improvement in how management demonstrates this commitment. Establishing a process for executive walk-arounds in the perioperative departments (B) directly addresses this gap by increasing leadership visibility, fostering open communication, and demonstrating that patient safety is a priority. Walk-arounds allow leaders to engage with staff, observe processes, and address safety concerns in real-time, which can improve perceptions of leadership commitment.
Implementing a leadership training series on Just Culture principles (A) is relevant for the high score of 4.83 in reporting without fear, but this area is already strong, and the survey does not indicate a punitive culture needing immediate focus. Developing team-based communication training (C) could address the score of 4.24 for interdepartmental information exchange, but this is not the lowest-scoring item, and communication issues are secondary to leadership visibility in this context. Educating staff on incident reporting (D) is unnecessary given the high score of 4.83 for reporting without fear, indicating staff are already comfortable with reporting.
NAHQ emphasizes addressing the weakest areas of a safety culture first, making leadership visibility the priority here, thus option B is the recommended action.
Reference: NAHQ CPHQ Study Guide, Patient Safety Section, "Culture of Safety and Leadership Engagement"; NAHQ CPHQ Practice Exam, Safety Culture Assessment and Interventions.

問題 #404
Which of the following performance improvement models is at the core of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) collaborative approach?
  • A. PDSA
  • B. DMAIC
  • C. Lean
  • D. Six Sigma
答案：A
解題說明：
The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) promotes collaborative approaches to quality improvement, emphasizing rapid-cycle testing to achieve measurable results. The model at the core of IHI's methodology is well-documented in quality improvement frameworks.
Option A (DMAIC): DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) is a Six Sigma methodology focused on reducing variation, not the core of IHI's approach, which emphasizes rapid testing.
Option B (PDSA): This is the correct answer. The NAHQ CPHQ study guide states, "The Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle is the core performance improvement model used by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement for its collaborative approach, enabling rapid-cycle testing and iterative improvements" (Domain 4). PDSA involves planning a change, testing it, studying results, and acting on findings, aligning with IHI's Breakthrough Series model.
Option C (Lean): Lean focuses on eliminating waste, which IHI may incorporate, but it is not the primary model for IHI collaboratives.
Option D (Six Sigma): Six Sigma uses data-driven methods like DMAIC, not IHI's rapid-cycle focus.
CPHQ Objective Reference: Domain 4: Performance and Process Improvement, Objective 4.3, "Apply performance improvement models," emphasizes PDSA as IHI's core methodology. TheNAHQ study guide notes, "IHI's collaborative approach relies on PDSA cycles to test and scale improvements across organizations" (Domain 4).
Rationale: PDSA's rapid-cycle testing is central to IHI's collaborative framework, enabling iterative improvements, as per CPHQ's improvement principles.
Reference: NAHQ CPHQ Study Guide, Domain 4: Performance and Process Improvement, Objective 4.3.

問題 #405
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