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CWNP CWNA-109 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	WLAN Network Security: It addresses the concepts of weak security options, security mechanisms for enterprise WLANs, and security options and tools used in wireless networks.
Topic 2	RF Validation and WLAN remediation: This topic covers RF interference, WLAN performance, the basic features of validation tools, and common wireless issues.
Topic 3	WLAN Protocols and Devices: It focuses on terminology related to the 802.11 MAC and PHY, the purpose of the three main 802.11 frame types, MAC frame format, and 802.11 channel access methods.
Topic 4	WLAN Regulations and Standards: The topic discusses the roles of WLAN and networking industry organizations. It also addresses the concepts of various Physical Layer (PHY) solutions, spread spectrum technologies, and 802.11 WLAN functional concepts.

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CWNP Wireless Network Administrator (CWNA) Sample Questions (Q47-Q52):NEW QUESTION # 47
You are configuring an access point to use channel 128. What important fact should be considered about this channel?

• A. It is a channel that may require DFS when used
• B. It is a channel that is unsupported by all access points in all regulatory domains
• C. It is a 22 MHz channel so it will overlap with the channels above and below it
• D. It is a 2.4 GHz frequency band 40 MHz channel, so it should not be used
  

Answer: A
Explanation:
It is a channel that may require DFS when used is an important fact that should be considered about channel
128. Channel 128 is a 5 GHz frequency band 20 MHz channel that has a center frequency of 5.64 GHz.
Channel 128 is one of the channels that are subject to DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) rules, which require Wi-Fi devices to monitor and avoid using channels that are occupied by radar systems or other primary users. DFS is a feature that is defined in the IEEE 802.11h amendment and is mandated by some regulatory bodies, such as the FCC and the ETSI, to protect the licensed users of the 5 GHz band from interference by unlicensed Wi-Fi devices. DFS works by using a mechanism called channel availability check (CAC), which requires Wi-Fi devices to scan a channel for a certain period of time before using it. If a radar signal is detected during the CAC or while using the channel, the Wi-Fi devices must switch to another channel that is free from radar interference.
When configuring an access point to use channel 128, it is important to consider the implications of DFS rules, such as:
* The access point must support DFS and comply with the local regulations and standards that apply to DFS channels.
* The access point may experience delays or interruptions in its operation due to CAC or channel switching.
* The access point may have limited channel selection or availability due to radar interference or other Wi-Fi devices using DFS channels.
* The access point may have compatibility or interoperability issues with some client devices that do not support DFS or use different DFS parameters.
* The access point may have performance or quality issues due to co-channel or adjacent-channel interference from other Wi-Fi devices using non-DFS channels.
Therefore, it is advisable to use channel 128 only when necessary and after performing a thorough site survey and spectrum analysis to determine the best channel for the access point. References: 1, Chapter 3, page
117; 2, Section 3.2

NEW QUESTION # 48
What is required when operating 802.11ax APS in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication?
* VHT PHY

• A. CCMP
• B. SAE
• C. HT PHY
  

Answer: A
Explanation:
SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals) is required when operating 802.11ax APs in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication. SAE is a secure and robust authentication method that is defined in the IEEE 802.11s amendment and is also known as WPA3-Personal or WPA3-SAE. SAE is based on a cryptographic technique called Dragonfly Key Exchange, which allows two parties to establish a shared secret key using a passphrase, without revealing the passphrase or the key to an eavesdropper or an attacker. SAE also provides forward secrecy, which means that if the passphrase or the key is compromised in the future, it does not affect the security of past communications.
SAE is required when operating 802.11ax APs in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication because of the new regulations and standards that apply to this band. The 6 GHz band is a new frequency band that was opened for unlicensed use by the FCC and other regulatory bodies in 2020. The 6 GHz band offers more spectrum and less interference than the existing 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, which can enable higher performance and efficiency for Wi-Fi devices. However, the 6 GHz band also has some restrictions and requirements that are different from the other bands, such as:
* The 6 GHz band is divided into two sub-bands: U-NII-5 (5925-6425 MHz) and U-NII-7 (6525-6875 MHz). The U-NII-5 sub-band is subject to DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) rules, which require Wi-Fi devices to monitor and avoid using channels that are occupied by radar systems or other primary users. The U-NII-7 sub-band is not subject to DFS rules, but it has a lower maximum transmit power limit than the U-NII-5 sub-band.
* The Wi-Fi devices that operate in the 6 GHz band are called 6E devices, which stands for Extended Spectrum. 6E devices must support 802.11ax technology, which is also known as Wi-Fi 6 or High Efficiency (HE). 802.11ax is a new standard that improves the performance and efficiency of Wi-Fi networks by using features such as OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output), BSS Coloring, TWT (Target Wake Time), and HE PHY and MAC enhancements.
* The 6E devices that operate in the 6 GHz band must also support WPA3 security, which is a new security protocol that replaces WPA2 and provides stronger encryption and authentication for Wi-Fi networks. WPA3 has two modes: WPA3-Personal and WPA3-Enterprise. WPA3-Personal uses SAE as its authentication method, which requires a passphrase to establish a secure connection between two devices. WPA3-Enterprise uses EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) as its authentication method, which requires a certificate or a credential to authenticate with a server.
Therefore, SAE is required when operating 802.11ax APs in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication because it is part of WPA3-Personal security, which is mandatory for 6E devices in this band.
References: , Chapter 3, page 120; , Section 3.2
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NEW QUESTION # 49
Lynne runs a small hotel, and as a value added service for his customers he has implemented a Wi-Fi hot- spot. Lynne has read news articles about how hackers wait at hot-spots trying to take advantage of unsuspecting users. He wants to avoid this problem at his hotel.
What is an efficient and practical step that Lynne can take to decrease the likelihood of active attacks on his customers' wireless computers?

• A. Implement an SSL VPN in the WLAN controller that initiates after HTTPS login.
• B. Require EAP-FAST authentication and provide customers with a username/password on their receipt.
• C. Enable station-to-station traffic blocking by the access points in the hotel.
• D. Implement Network Access Control (NAC) and require antivirus and firewall software along with OS patches.
  

Answer: C
Explanation:
In a public Wi-Fi hotspot, like the one Lynne runs in his hotel, ensuring customer security against active attacks is crucial. Active attacks involve unauthorized access, eavesdropping, or manipulation of the network traffic. To mitigate such threats, an effective and practical step is:
* Station-to-Station Traffic Blocking: Also known as client isolation, this feature prevents direct communication between devices connected to the Wi-Fi network. By enabling this on the access points, Lynne can significantly decrease the likelihood of active attacks like man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, where an attacker intercepts and possibly alters the communication between two parties.
The other options, while beneficial for network security, might not be as straightforward or practical for Lynne's situation:
* Network Access Control (NAC) requires a more complex infrastructure and management, which might not be ideal for a small hotel setup.
* Implementing an SSL VPN adds an extra layer of security but might complicate the login process for users, potentially affecting the user experience.
* Requiring EAP-FAST authentication provides secure authentication but may not be feasible for transient customers who expect quick and easy network access.
Therefore, enabling station-to-station traffic blocking is a practical and efficient measure that Lynne can implement to enhance customer security on the Wi-Fi network.
References:
CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam CWNA-109, by David D.
Coleman and David A. Westcott.
Best practices for securing a wireless network in a public hotspot environment.

NEW QUESTION # 50
When an ACK frame is not received by the transmitting STA, what is assumed?

• A. The frame was correctly delivered
• B. The frame was not delivered and must be retransmitted
• C. The receiver processed the frame, but did not respond with an ACK frame because 802.11w is enabled
• D. The receiver is offline
  

Answer: B
Explanation:
An ACK (Acknowledgement) frame is a short control frame that is sent by the receiver of a data or management frame to confirm that the frame was received correctly. The ACK frame is sent after a SIFS (Short Interframe Space) interval, which is the shortest time gap between frames in 802.11. If the transmitter does not receive an ACK frame within a specified time, it assumes that the frame was not delivered and must be retransmitted. This is part of the 802.11 reliability mechanism that ensures reliable data delivery over an unreliable wireless medium . References: [CWNA-109 Study Guide], Chapter 5: IEEE 802.11 Medium Access, page 209; [CWNA-109Study Guide], Chapter 5: IEEE 802.11 Medium Access, page 203.

NEW QUESTION # 51
An 802.11 WLAN transmitter that emits a 50 mW signal is connected to a cable with 3 dB of loss. The cable is connected to an antenna with 16 dBi of gain. What is the power level at the Intentional Radiator?

• A. 25 mW
• B. 250 mW
• C. 1000 mW
• D. 500 mW
  

Answer: B
Explanation:
The power level at the Intentional Radiator (IR) is 250 mW. The IR is the point where the RF signal leaves the transmitter and enters the antenna system. To calculate the power level at the IR, we need to consider the output power level of the transmitter, the loss of the cable, and the gain of the antenna. The formula is:
Power level at IR (dBm) = Output power level (dBm) - Cable loss (dB) + Antenna gain (dBi) We can convert the output power level of 50 mW to dBm by using the formula:
Power level (dBm) = 10 * log10(Power level (mW))
Therefore, 50 mW = 10 * log10(50) = 16.99 dBm
We can plug in the values into the formula:
Power level at IR (dBm) = 16.99 - 3 + 16 = 29.99 dBm
We can convert the power level at IR from dBm to mW by using the inverse formula:
Power level (mW) = 10
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