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無料PDF 010-160模擬問題集 &資格試験におけるリーダーオファー &公認された010-160復習解答例
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Lpi Linux Essentials Certificate Exam - version 1.6 認定 010-160 試験問題 (Q57-Q62):質問 # 57
Which of the following is a protocol used for automatic IP address configuration?
- A. LDAP
- B. SMTP
- C. DHCP
- D. NFS
- E. DNS
正解:C
解説:
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is a protocol that provides quick, automatic, and central management for the distribution of IP addresses within a network. It also configures other network information, such as the subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server information, on the device1. DHCP uses a client/server architecture, where a DHCP server issues unique IP addresses and automatically configures the devices that request them2. DHCP allows devices to move freely from one network to another and receive an IP address automatically, which is helpful with mobile devices1.
The other options are not protocols used for automatic IP address configuration. NFS stands for Network File System, which is a protocol that allows a user to access and modify files over a network as if they were on their own computer. LDAP stands for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, which is a protocol that provides access to a centralized directory service that stores information about users, groups, computers, and other resources on a network. SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, which is a protocol that enables the sending and receiving of email messages over a network. DNS stands for Domain Name System, which is a protocol that translates domain names into IP addresses and vice versa. Reference:
Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 105.1, Weight 4
What Is DHCP? (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - Lifewire
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) | Microsoft Learn
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - Wikipedia
How does AutoIP work? - Barix
[Network File System - Wikipedia]
[Lightweight Directory Access Protocol - Wikipedia]
[Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - Wikipedia]
[Domain Name System - Wikipedia]
質問 # 58
What can be found in the /proc/ directory?
- A. One directory per installed program.
- B. One log file per running service.
- C. One directory per running process.
- D. One device file per hardware device.
- E. One file per existing user account.
正解:C
解説:
The /proc/ directory is a virtual file system that contains information about the system and the processes running on it. It is not a conventional file system that stores files on a disk, but rather a dynamic view of the kernel's data structures. One of the features of the /proc/ directory is that it contains one subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after the process ID (PID). For example, the subdirectory /proc/1/ contains information about the process with PID 1, which is usually the init process. The process subdirectories contain various files that provide information about the process, such as its status, memory usage, open files, environment variables, command line arguments, and more. The /proc/ directory also contains a symbolic link called 'self', which points to the process that is accessing the /proc/ file system. Therefore, the correct answer is D. One directory per running process.
The other options are incorrect because:
A . One directory per installed program. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain information about installed programs, but only about running processes. Installed programs are usually stored in other directories, such as /bin/, /usr/bin/, /opt/, etc.
B . One device file per hardware device. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain device files, but only virtual files that represent kernel data. Device files are usually stored in the /dev/ directory, which is another special file system that provides access to hardware devices.
C . One file per existing user account. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain information about user accounts, but only about processes. User accounts are usually stored in the /etc/ directory, which contains configuration files, such as /etc/passwd/ and /etc/shadow/, that define the users and their passwords.
E . One log file per running service. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain log files, but only information files. Log files are usually stored in the /var/log/ directory, which contains various files that record the activities of the system and the services.
Reference:
The /proc Filesystem - The Linux Kernel documentation
A Beginner's Guide to the /proc File System in Linux - Tecmint
Appendix E. The proc File System Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 | Red Hat ...
Chapter 5. The proc File System Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 | Red Hat ...
proc file system in Linux - GeeksforGeeks
質問 # 59
What command displays manual pages? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
正解:
解説:
man
質問 # 60
What is the purpose of the PATH environment variable?
- A. It specifies the location of a user's home directory.
- B. It allows the execution of commands without the need to know the location of the executable.
- C. It contains the absolute path to the current directory.
- D. It increases security by preventing commands from running in certain locations.
- E. It indicates the location of the default shell to be used when a user logs in.
正解:B
解説:
The PATH environment variable is a special variable that contains a list of directories that the system searches when looking for a command to execute12. The purpose of the PATH variable is to make it easier and faster for users to run commands without having to type the full path to the executable file. For example, if you want to run the ls command, which is located in the /bin directory, you don't have to type /bin/ls every time. You can just type ls, and the system will find the executable file in the /bin directory, which is one of the directories in the PATH variable. The PATH variable can be viewed with the echo command12:
$ echo $PATH
The PATH variable can also be modified by adding or removing directories, either temporarily or permanently, depending on the user's needs12. For example, if you have a custom script or program in your home directory, and you want to run it from anywhere, you can add your home directory to the PATH variable with the export command12:
$ export PATH=$PATH:~/myprogram
This will append your home directory to the end of the PATH variable, and the system will search it last when looking for a command. To make this change permanent, you need to edit a configuration file, such as ~/.bashrc or ~/.profile, and add the export command there12.
Reference:
How To View and Update the Linux PATH Environment Variable | DigitalOcean Linux path environment variable - Linux command line - LinuxConfig.org
質問 # 61
What information is stored in/etc/passwd? (Choose three correct answers.)
- A. The user's storage space limit
- B. The encrypted password
- C. The users default shell
- D. The numerical user ID
- E. The username
正解:C、D、E
解説:
Explanation
The /etc/passwd file is a plain text-based database that contains information for all user accounts on the system. It is owned by root and has 644 permissions. The file can only be modified by root or users with sudo privileges and readable by all system users. Each line of the /etc/passwd file contains seven comma-separated fields, representing a user account. The fields are as follows:
* Username: The string you type when you log into the system. Each username must be a unique string on the machine. The maximum length of the username is restricted to 32 characters.
* Password: In older Linux systems, the user's encrypted password was stored in the /etc/passwd file. On most modern systems, this field is set to x, and the user password is stored in the /etc/shadow file.
* User ID (UID): The user identifier is a number assigned to each user by the operating system to refer to a user. It is used by the kernel to check for the user privileges and grant access to system resources. The UID 0 is reserved for the root user and cannot be assigned to any other user.
* Group ID (GID): The user's group identifier number, referring to the user's primary group. When a user creates a file, the file's group is set to this group. Typically, the name of the group is the same as the name of the user. User's secondary groups are listed in the /etc/group file.
* User ID Info (GECOS): This is a comment field. This field contains a list of comma-separated values with the following information: User's full name or the application name, Room number, Work phone number, Home phone number, Other contact information.
* Home directory: The absolute path to the user's home directory. It contains the user's files and configurations. By default, the user home directories are named after the name of the user and created under the /home directory.
* Login shell: The absolute path to the user's login shell. This is the shell that is started when the user logs into the system. On most Linux distributions, the default login shell is Bash.
Therefore, the correct answers are B, C, and E. The user's storage space limit (A) is not stored in the
/etc/passwd file, but in the /etc/quota file. The encrypted password (D) is not stored in the /etc/passwd file, but in the /etc/shadow file. References:
* Linux Essentials Topic 104: The Linux Operating System, section 104.4: Runlevels and Boot Targets.
* Linux Essentials Topic 106: Security and File Permissions, section 106.1: Basic security and identifying user types.
* Linux Essentials Topic 106: Security and File Permissions, section 106.2: Creating users and groups.
* Understanding the /etc/passwd File | Linuxize
* Understanding the /etc/passwd File - GeeksforGeeks
* passwd(5) - Linux manual page - man7.org
* Understanding /etc/passwd file in Linux - DEV Community
質問 # 62
......
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