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[General] Valid 312-50v13 Guide Files, Latest 312-50v13 Dumps Sheet

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【General】 Valid 312-50v13 Guide Files, Latest 312-50v13 Dumps Sheet

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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) Sample Questions (Q88-Q93):NEW QUESTION # 88
Let's imagine three companies (A, B, and C), all competing in a challenging global environment.
Company A and B are working together in developing a product that will generate a major competitive advantage for them.
Company A has a secure DNS server while company B has a DNS server vulnerable to spoofing.
With a spoofing attack on the DNS server of company B, company C gains access to outgoing e-mails from company B.
How do you prevent DNS spoofing?
  • A. Install DNS logger and track vulnerable packets
  • B. Disable DNS timeouts
  • C. Disable DNS Zone Transfer
  • D. Install DNS Anti-spoofing
Answer: D
Explanation:
DNS spoofing (also known as DNS cache poisoning) occurs when an attacker intercepts or falsifies DNS responses to redirect traffic or exfiltrate data. The appropriate way to prevent such attacks includes:
Implementing DNS anti-spoofing techniques
Using DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions)
Ensuring proper DNS configurations and validation of responses
From CEH v13:
Module 3: Scanning Networks
Topic: DNS Poisoning and Spoofing Attacks
Defensive Measures: DNS Hardening
CEH v13 Study Guide states:
"To prevent DNS spoofing and cache poisoning, organizations should use DNSSEC, configure anti-spoofing protections, and restrict zone transfers. DNS Anti-spoofing solutions validate responses and ensure data integrity." Incorrect Options:
A: Logging may detect but not prevent.
B: Disabling DNS timeouts is unrelated and harmful.
D: Prevents zone transfers, not spoofing specifically.
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 3: DNS Spoofing PreventionNIST SP 800-81r2 - Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Deployment Guide
======

NEW QUESTION # 89
env x='(){ :;};echo exploit' bash -c 'cat /etc/passwd'
What is the Shellshock bash vulnerability attempting to do on a vulnerable Linux host?
  • A. Changes all passwords in passwd
  • B. Removes the passwd file
  • C. Display passwd content to prompt
  • D. Add new user to the passwd file
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Shellshock vulnerability (CVE-2014-6271) allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via crafted environment variables in Bash. In this example, the malicious command cat /etc/passwd is executed, displaying the contents of the file (which contains system user account info).
Reference - CEH v13 Official Study Guide:
Module 6: Malware Threats
Quote:
"Shellshock allows remote code execution through environment variables processed by Bash. Exploits can be used to run commands like cat /etc/passwd on a vulnerable system." Incorrect Options:
A). No file deletion occurs.
B). It doesn't change passwords.
C). No user addition occurs.

NEW QUESTION # 90
An attacker decided to crack the passwords used by industrial control systems. In this process, he employed a loop strategy to recover these passwords. He used one character at a time to check whether the first character entered is correct; if so, he continued the loop for consecutive characters. If not, he terminated the loop.
Furthermore, the attacker checked how much time the device took to finish one complete password authentication process, through which he deduced how many characters entered are correct.
What is the attack technique employed by the attacker to crack the passwords of the industrial control systems?
  • A. Buffer overflow attack
  • B. HMI-based attack
  • C. Side-channel attack
  • D. Denial-of-service attack
Answer: C
Explanation:
The described method is a classic example of a Side-Channel Attack, specifically a Timing Attack.
Key characteristics:
* It exploits variations in response time from a system to infer sensitive information, such as the correct number of characters in a password.
* In this scenario, if a correct character causes a longer processing time, the attacker can deduce the correct sequence iteratively.
According to CEH v13:
* Side-channel attacks do not directly break encryption but rely on observing system behavior like timing, power consumption, or electromagnetic leaks.
* These attacks are effective against poorly implemented authentication mechanisms or embedded systems like ICS/SCADA.
Incorrect Options:
* B. Denial-of-service is aimed at making systems unavailable, not extracting credentials.
* C. HMI-based attacks involve manipulating the human-machine interface of ICS systems.
* D. Buffer overflow exploits memory handling flaws, not timing behavior.
Reference - CEH v13 Official Courseware:
Module 20: Cryptography
Section: "Cryptanalysis and Side-Channel Attacks"
Subsection: "Timing Attacks and Password Recovery"

NEW QUESTION # 91
Bob is doing a password assessment for one of his clients. Bob suspects that security policies are not in place.
He also suspects that weak passwords are probably the norm throughout the company he is evaluating. Bob is familiar with password weaknesses and keyloggers.
Which of the following options best represents the means that Bob can adopt to retrieve passwords from his clients' hosts and servers?
  • A. Hardware, Software, and Sniffing.
  • B. Passwords are always best obtained using Hardware key loggers.
  • C. Hardware and Software Keyloggers.
  • D. Software only, they are the most effective.
Answer: A
Explanation:
To perform a thorough password assessment, Bob can use:
* Hardware Keyloggers: Installed between the keyboard and computer; captures keystrokes.
* Software Keyloggers: Installed on the OS; logs keystrokes and system activity.
* Network Sniffing: Captures plaintext passwords from unencrypted protocols (e.g., FTP, Telnet).
From CEH v13 Official Courseware:
* Module 4: Enumeration
* Module 6: Malware Threats
* Module 8: Sniffing
CEH v13 Study Guide states:
"A comprehensive password audit can involve passive sniffing of credentials on the wire, software keyloggers for direct input capture, and hardware keyloggers for stealthy physical surveillance." Incorrect Options:
* B, C, D: Limiting to just one method misses out on broader techniques.
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 6: Keystroke Logging and Credential CaptureNIST SP 800-115 - Security Testing Guide

NEW QUESTION # 92
A penetration tester is conducting an assessment of a web application for a financial institution. The application uses form-based authentication and does not implement account lockout policies after multiple failed login attempts. Interestingly, the application displays detailed error messages that disclose whether the username or password entered is incorrect. The tester also notices that the application uses HTTP headers to prevent clickjacking attacks but does not implement Content Security Policy (CSP). With these observations, which of the following attack methods would likely be the most effective for the penetration tester to exploit these vulnerabilities and attempt unauthorized access?
  • A. The tester could launch a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack to steal authenticated session cookies, potentially bypassing the clickjacking protection
  • B. The tester could execute a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack to intercept and modify the HTTP headers for a Clickjacking attack
  • C. The tester could execute a Brute Force attack, leveraging the lack of account lockout policy and the verbose error messages to guess the correct credentials
  • D. The tester could exploit a potential SQL Injection vulnerability to manipulate the application's database
Answer: C
Explanation:
The most effective attack method for the penetration tester to exploit these vulnerabilities and attempt unauthorized access would be to execute a Brute Force attack, leveraging the lack of account lockout policy and the verbose error messages to guess the correct credentials. A Brute Force attack is a hacking method that uses trial and error to crack passwords, login credentials, or encryption keys. It is a simple yet reliable tactic for gaining unauthorized access to individual accounts and organizations' systems and networks1. In this scenario, the tester can take advantage of the fact that the application does not lock out users after multiple failed login attempts, which means the tester can try as many combinations as possible without being blocked.
The tester can also use the detailed error messages that disclose whether the username or password entered is incorrect, which can help narrow down the search space and reduce the number of guesses needed. For example, if the tester enters a wrong username and a wrong password, and the application responds with
"Invalid username", the tester can eliminate that username from the list of candidates and focus on finding the correct one. Similarly, if the tester enters a correct username and a wrong password, and the application responds with "Invalid password", the tester can confirm that username and focus on finding the correct password. By using automated tools or scripts, the tester can perform a Brute Force attack faster and more efficiently.
The other options are not as effective or feasible as option A for the following reasons:
* B. The tester could exploit a potential SQL Injection vulnerability to manipulate the application's database: This option is not feasible because there is no indication that the application is vulnerable to SQL Injection, which is a web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to interfere with the queries that an application makes to its database2. The application uses form-based authentication, which does not necessarily involve SQL queries, and the error messages do not reveal any SQL syntax or structure.
Moreover, even if the application was vulnerable to SQL Injection, the tester would need to craft a malicious SQL query that can bypass the authentication mechanism and grant access to the application, which may not be possible or easy depending on the database design and configuration.
* C. The tester could launch a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack to steal authenticated session cookies, potentially bypassing the clickjacking protection: This option is not effective because there is no evidence that the application is vulnerable to XSS, which is a web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to compromise the interactions that users have with a vulnerable application by injecting malicious scripts3. The application uses HTTP headers to prevent clickjacking attacks, which are a type of attack that tricks a user into clicking on a hidden or disguised element on a web page4. However, this does not imply that the application is vulnerable to XSS, which requires a different type of injection point and payload. Moreover, even if the application was vulnerable to XSS, the tester would need to find a way to deliver the malicious script to a legitimate user who is already authenticated, and then capture the stolen session cookies from the user's browser, which may not be feasible or easy depending on the application's design and security measures.
* D. The tester could execute a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack to intercept and modify the HTTP headers for a Clickjacking attack: This option is not feasible because a MitM attack is a type of attack that requires the attacker to insert themselves between two parties who believe that they are directly communicating with each other, and then relay or alter the communications between them5. In this scenario, the tester would need to intercept the HTTP traffic between the user and the application, and then modify the HTTP headers to remove or weaken the clickjacking protection. However, this would require the tester to have access to the network infrastructure or the user's device, which may not be possible or easy depending on the network security and encryption. Moreover, even if the tester could perform a MitM attack, the tester would still need to trick the user into clicking on a malicious element on a web page, which may not be possible or easy depending on the user's awareness and behavior.
References:
* 1: What is a Brute Force Attack? | Definition, Types & How It Works - Fortinet
* 2: What is SQL Injection? Tutorial & Examples | Web Security Academy
* 3: Cross Site Scripting (XSS) | OWASP Foundation
* 4: What is Clickjacking? | Definition, Types & Examples - Fortinet
* 5: Man-in-the-middle attack - Wikipedia

NEW QUESTION # 93
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