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【General】 Quiz Professional Linux Foundation - Valid Dumps KCSA Pdf

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Linux Foundation KCSA Exam Syllabus Topics:
TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • Overview of Cloud Native Security: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cloud Security Architect and covers the foundational security principles of cloud-native environments. It includes an understanding of the 4Cs security model, the shared responsibility model for cloud infrastructure, common security controls and compliance frameworks, and techniques for isolating resources and securing artifacts like container images and application code.
Topic 2
  • Compliance and Security Frameworks: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Compliance Officer and focuses on applying formal structures to ensure security and meet regulatory demands. It covers working with industry-standard compliance and threat modeling frameworks, understanding supply chain security requirements, and utilizing automation tools to maintain and prove an organization's security posture.
Topic 3
  • Kubernetes Security Fundamentals: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Kubernetes Administrator and covers the primary security mechanisms within Kubernetes. This includes implementing pod security standards and admissions, configuring robust authentication and authorization systems like RBAC, managing secrets properly, and using network policies and audit logging to enforce isolation and monitor cluster activity.
Topic 4
  • Kubernetes Threat Model: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cloud Security Architect and involves identifying and mitigating potential threats to a Kubernetes cluster. It requires understanding common attack vectors like privilege escalation, denial of service, malicious code execution, and network-based attacks, as well as strategies to protect sensitive data and prevent an attacker from gaining persistence within the environment.
Topic 5
  • Platform Security: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cloud Security Architect and encompasses broader platform-wide security concerns. This includes securing the software supply chain from image development to deployment, implementing observability and service meshes, managing Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), controlling network connectivity, and using admission controllers to enforce security policies.

Linux Foundation Kubernetes and Cloud Native Security Associate Sample Questions (Q38-Q43):NEW QUESTION # 38
Is it possible to restrict permissions so that a controller can only change the image of a deployment (without changing anything else about it, e.g., environment variables, commands, replicas, secrets)?
  • A. Yes, with a 'managed fields' annotation.
  • B. No, because granting access to the spec.containers.image field always grants access to the rest of the spec object.
  • C. Not with RBAC, but it is possible with an admission webhook.
  • D. Yes, by granting permission to the /image subresource.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* RBAC in Kubernetesis coarse-grained: it controlsverbs(get, update, patch, delete) onresources(e.g., deployments), butnot individual fieldswithin a resource.
* There isno /image subresource for deployments(there is one for pods but only for ephemeral containers).
* Therefore,RBAC cannot restrict changes only to the image field.
* Admission Webhooks(mutating/validating)canenforce fine-grained policies (e.g., deny updates that change anything other than spec.containers
  • .image).
    * Exact extract (Kubernetes Docs - Admission Webhooks):
    * "Admission webhooks can be used to enforce custom policies on objects being admitted." References:
    Kubernetes Docs - RBAC: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/ Kubernetes Docs - Admission Webhooks: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz
    /extensible-admission-controllers/

    NEW QUESTION # 39
    A container image istrojanizedby an attacker by compromising the build server. Based on the STRIDE threat modeling framework, which threat category best defines this threat?
    • A. Repudiation
    • B. Tampering
    • C. Denial of Service
    • D. Spoofing
    Answer: B
    Explanation:
    * In STRIDE,Tamperingis the threat category forunauthorized modification of data or code/artifacts. A trojanized container image is, by definition, an attacker'smodificationof the build output (the image) after compromising the CI/build system-i.e., tampering with the artifact in the software supply chain.
    * Why not the others?
    * Spoofingis about identity/authentication (e.g., pretending to be someone/something).
    * Repudiationis about denying having performed an action without sufficient audit evidence.
    * Denial of Servicetargets availability (exhausting resources or making a service unavailable).The scenario explicitly focuses on analtered imageresulting from a compromised build server-this squarely maps toTampering.
    Authoritative references (for verification and deeper reading):
    * Kubernetes (official docs)- Supply Chain Security (discusses risks such as compromised CI/CD pipelines leading to modified/poisoned images and emphasizes verifying image integrity/signatures).
    * Kubernetes Docs#Security#Supply chain securityandSecuring a cluster(sections on image provenance, signing, and verifying artifacts).
    * CNCF TAG Security - Cloud Native Security Whitepaper (v2)- Threat modeling in cloud-native and software supply chain risks; describes attackers modifying build outputs (images/artifacts) via CI
    /CD compromise as a form oftamperingand prescribes controls (signing, provenance, policy).
    * CNCF TAG Security - Software Supply Chain Security Best Practices- Explicitly covers CI/CD compromise leading tomaliciously modified imagesand recommends SLSA, provenance attestation, and signature verification (policy enforcement via admission controls).
    * Microsoft STRIDE (canonical reference)- DefinesTamperingasmodifying data or code, which directly fits a trojanized image produced by a compromised build system.

    NEW QUESTION # 40
    Which way of defining security policy brings consistency, minimizes toil, and reduces the probability of misconfiguration?
    • A. Manually configuring security controls for each individual resource, regularly.
    • B. Relying on manual audits and inspections for security policy enforcement.
    • C. Using a declarative approach to define security policies as code.
    • D. Implementing security policies through manual scripting on an ad-hoc basis.
    Answer: C
    Explanation:
    * Defining policiesas code (declarative)is a best practice in Kubernetes and cloud-native security.
    * This is aligned withGitOpsandPolicy-as-Codeprinciples (OPA Gatekeeper, Kyverno, etc.).
    * Exact extract (CNCF Security Whitepaper):
    * "Policy-as-Code enables declarative definition and enforcement of security policies, bringing consistency, automation, and reducing misconfiguration risk."
    * Manual audits, ad-hoc scripting, or individual configurations are error-prone and inconsistent.
    References:
    CNCF Security Whitepaper:https://github.com/cncf/tag-security
    Kubernetes Docs - Policy as Code (OPA, Kyverno): https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/security/

    NEW QUESTION # 41
    What does thecluster-adminClusterRole enable when used in a RoleBinding?
    • A. It allows read/write access to most resources in the role binding's namespace. This role does not allow write access to resource quota, to the namespace itself, and to EndpointSlices (or Endpoints).
    • B. It gives full control over every resource in the role binding's namespace, including the namespace itself.
    • C. It gives full control over every resource in the role binding's namespace, not including the namespace object for isolation purposes.
    • D. It gives full control over every resource in the cluster and in all namespaces.
    Answer: D
    Explanation:
    * Thecluster-adminClusterRole is asuperuser rolein Kubernetes.
    * Binding it (via RoleBinding or ClusterRoleBinding) grantsunrestricted control over all resources in the cluster, across all namespaces.
    * This includes management of cluster-scoped resources (nodes, CRDs, RBAC rules) and namespace- scoped resources.
    * Therefore, cluster-admin is equivalent toroot-level accessin Kubernetes and must be used with extreme caution.
    References:
    Kubernetes Documentation - Default Roles and Role Bindings
    CNCF Security Whitepaper - Identity and Access Management: cautions against assigningcluster-admin broadly due to its unrestricted nature.

    NEW QUESTION # 42
    In order to reduce the attack surface of the Scheduler, which default parameter should be set to false?
    • A. --bind-address
    • B. --profiling
    • C. --secure-kubeconfig
    • D. --scheduler-name
    Answer: B
    Explanation:
    * Thekube-schedulerexposes aprofiling/debugging endpointwhen --profiling=true (default).
    * This can unnecessarily increase the attack surface.
    * Best practice: set --profiling=false in production.
    * Exact extract (Kubernetes Docs - kube-scheduler flags):
    * "--profiling (default true): Enable profiling via web interface host:port/debug/pprof/."
    * Why others are wrong:
    * --scheduler-name: just identifies the scheduler, not a security risk.
    * --secure-kubeconfig: not a valid flag.
    * --bind-address: changing it limits exposure but is not the default risk parameter for profiling.
    References:
    Kubernetes Docs - kube-scheduler options: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools- reference/kube-scheduler/

    NEW QUESTION # 43
    ......
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