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[General] Exam KCNA Tips - KCNA Reliable Test Questions

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【General】 Exam KCNA Tips - KCNA Reliable Test Questions

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Linux Foundation Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate Sample Questions (Q58-Q63):NEW QUESTION # 58
You have a CI/CD pipeline that builds and deploys a new version of your application to Kubernetes. After deployment, you notice performance issues and need to roll back to the previous version. Which of the following strategies can be used to achieve a smooth rollback?
  • A. Use a canary deployment strategy to gradually roll back the traffic.
  • B. Redeploy the previous version of the application manually.
  • C. Use Kubernetes Deployments with rollback capabilities to revert to a previous deployment revision.
  • D. Edit the Deployment configuration to change the container image to the previous version.
  • E. Manually delete the new pods and restart the old pods.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Kubernetes Deployments track historical revisions. By leveraging rollback capabilities within Deployments, you can easily revert to a previous successful deployment revision, ensuring a smooth transition without manual intervention.

NEW QUESTION # 59
What are the two goals of Cloud-Native?
  • A. Frequent deployments and well-defined organizational silos
  • B. Slow innovation and stable applications
  • C. Rapid innovation and reliability
  • D. Rapid innovation and automation
Answer: C
Explanation:
https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/cloud-native-apps

NEW QUESTION # 60
What is Flux constructed with?
  • A. GitLab Environment Toolkit
  • B. GitHub Actions Toolkit
  • C. Helm Toolkit
  • D. GitOps Toolkit
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is B: GitOps Toolkit. Flux is a GitOps solution for Kubernetes, and in Flux v2 the project is built as a set of Kubernetes controllers and supporting components collectively referred to as the GitOps Toolkit. This toolkit provides the building blocks for implementing GitOps reconciliation: sourcing artifacts (Git repositories, Helm repositories, OCI artifacts), applying manifests (Kustomize/Helm), and continuously reconciling cluster state to match the desired state declared in Git.
This construction matters because it reflects Flux's modular architecture. Instead of being a single monolithic daemon, Flux is composed of controllers that each handle a part of the GitOps workflow: fetching sources, rendering configuration, and applying changes. This makes it more Kubernetes-native: everything is declarative, runs in the cluster, and can be managed like other workloads (RBAC, namespaces, upgrades, observability).
Why the other options are wrong:
* "GitLab Environment Toolkit" and "GitHub Actions Toolkit" are not what Flux is built from. Flux can integrate with many SCM providers and CI systems, but it is not "constructed with" those.
* "Helm Toolkit" is not the named foundational set Flux is built upon. Flux can deploy Helm charts, but that's a capability, not its underlying construction.
In cloud-native delivery, Flux implements the key GitOps control loop: detect changes in Git (or other declared sources), compute desired Kubernetes state, and apply it while continuously checking for drift. The GitOps Toolkit is the set of controllers enabling that loop.
Therefore, the verified correct answer is B.
=========

NEW QUESTION # 61
What service account does a Pod use in a given namespace when the service account is not specified?
  • A. admin
  • B. default
  • C. root
  • D. sysadmin
Answer: B
Explanation:
D (default) is correct. In Kubernetes, if you create a Pod (or a controller creates Pods) without specifying spec.serviceAccountName, Kubernetes assigns the Pod the default ServiceAccount in that namespace. The ServiceAccount determines what identity the Pod uses when accessing the Kubernetes API (for example, via the in-cluster token mounted into the Pod, when token automounting is enabled).
Every namespace typically has a default ServiceAccount created automatically. The permissions associated with that ServiceAccount are determined by RBAC bindings. In many clusters, the default ServiceAccount has minimal permissions (or none) as a security best practice, because leaving it overly privileged would allow any Pod to access sensitive cluster APIs.
Why the other options are wrong: Kubernetes does not automatically choose "admin," "sysadmin," or "root" service accounts. Those are not standard implicit identities, and automatically granting admin privileges would be insecure. Instead, Kubernetes follows a predictable, least-privilege-friendly default: use the namespace's default ServiceAccount unless you explicitly request a different one.
Operationally, this matters for security and troubleshooting. If an application in a Pod is failing with "forbidden" errors when calling the API, it often means it's using the default ServiceAccount without the necessary RBAC permissions. The correct fix is usually to create a dedicated ServiceAccount and bind only the required roles, then set serviceAccountName in the Pod template. Conversely, if you're hardening a cluster, you often disable automounting of service account tokens for Pods that don't need API access.
Therefore, the verified correct answer is D: default.

NEW QUESTION # 62
Which Kubernetes feature would you use to guard against split brain scenarios with your distributed application?
  • A. Replication controllers
  • B. Rolling updates
  • C. Consensus protocols
  • D. StatefulSet
Answer: D
Explanation:
The exam-expected Kubernetes feature here is StatefulSet, so D is the correct answer. StatefulSets are designed for distributed/stateful applications that require stable network identities, stable storage, and ordered deployment/termination. Those properties are commonly required by systems that must avoid
"split brain" behaviors-where multiple nodes believe they are the leader/primary due to partitions or identity confusion.
StatefulSets give each Pod a persistent identity (e.g., app-0, app-1) and stable DNS naming (typically via a headless Service), which supports consistent peer discovery and membership. They also commonly pair with PersistentVolumeClaims so that each replica keeps its own data across restarts and reschedules. The ordered rollout semantics help clustered systems bootstrap and expand in controlled sequences, reducing the chance of chaotic membership changes.
Important nuance: StatefulSet alone does not magically prevent split brain. Split brain prevention is primarily a property of the application's own clustering/consensus design (e.g., leader election, quorum, fencing). That's why option B ("consensus protocols") is conceptually the true prevention mechanism-but it' s not a Kubernetes feature in the way the question frames it. Kubernetes provides primitives that make it feasible to run such systems safely (stable IDs, stable storage, predictable DNS), and StatefulSet is the Kubernetes workload API designed for that class of distributed stateful apps.
Replication controllers and rolling updates don't address identity/quorum concerns. Therefore, within Kubernetes constructs, StatefulSet is the best verified choice for workloads needing stable identity patterns commonly used to reduce split-brain risk.
=========

NEW QUESTION # 63
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